基於適應性增益之自動發電控制策略

Abstract

隨著全球對於永續能源的需求愈來愈加顯著，帶動我國再生能源滲透率的不斷提高，因此導致電力系統慣量逐年下降。當系統發生偶發性事故時，將會影響系統頻率響應，進而使得頻率變化率快速增加，且需要更多調頻備轉資源來維持頻率穩定性。因此調頻服務於電力系統之應用至關重要，本研究著重於二次調頻中輔助頻率回復之自動發電控制策略，借此策略維持電力系統頻率穩定性和經濟效益。 本研究探討使用適應性控制方法在自動發電控制器中之應用，自動發電控制包括負載頻率控制和經濟化調度兩部分，於負載頻率控制部分利用電網系統頻率偏差和響應評分機制，根據適應性控制實時調整控制器，以得出精準之控制需求，使控制器能更準確地反應系統之頻率響應情況，實現高效的控制效果。經濟化調度部分則在滿足二次調頻要求的前提下，通過優化發電機組出力分配，達到最佳經濟效益，並考慮發電設備的可用自動發電控制能力，以此提升電力系統的頻率響應和整體穩定性。透過此些策略以影響系統於偶發事故時獲得更快的頻率回復以及更少的有效功率出力，利於我國面對未來更高再生能源佔比之電網情況，並提供與人民較高電網韌性、穩定之用電環境。

As global environmental awareness rises, the demand for sustainable energy becomes increasingly significant, driving the continuous increase in the penetration rate of renewable energy in our country. However, renewable energy equipment is highly uncertain and lacks the inertia of traditional generators, leading to a yearly decline in power system inertia. When contingency occurs in the system, the low system inertia affects frequency response, causing the rate of change of frequency (RoCoF) to increase rapidly and requiring more frequency regulation reserves to maintain frequency stability. Therefore, frequency regulation services are crucial for power systems. This study focuses on the automatic generation control (AGC) strategy for auxiliary frequency restoration in secondary frequency regulation to maintain power system frequency stability and economic benefits. This study explores the application of adaptive control methods in AGC. AGC consists of two parts: load frequency control (LFC) and economic dispatch control. In the LFC part, the frequency deviation and response scoring mechanism of the power system are used to adjust the controller in real time based on adaptive control to derive precise control demands, enabling the controller to respond more accurately to the system's frequency response and achieve efficient control. The economic dispatch part optimizes the output distribution of generation units to achieve financial benefits while meeting the requirements of secondary frequency regulation, considering the available AGC capacity of the generating equipment. This approach enhances the power system's frequency response and overall stability. These strategies influence the system's response during contingency, benefiting our country's power grid with higher renewable energy penetration and providing the public with a more resilient and stable power supply environment.