電廠專案於設計階段之關鍵風險因素與管理

Abstract

設計階段的風險為影響工程項目成功與否的關鍵要素。針對越南之電廠統包興建工程，本研究揭示並識別設計階段之關鍵風險因素，根據影響程度和可能性對其進行排名，進而提出相對應之風險管理對策。首先，透過回顧過去文獻以及深入訪談資深專家，共計識別並檢視了37項設計風險。接著採用李克特五點量表進行問卷調查，包括各設計風險之影響程度及發生可能性。針對106份有效問卷進行數據分析。本研究以探索性因素分析歸納出六種類型：設計團隊缺乏能力和經驗的風險；設計方案不當的風險；設計團隊缺乏責任感的風險；低效率的文件覆核以及各方利益相關者不良合作的風險；投資者的要求變更的風險；以及遭到投資者的反對和誤解的風險。最後，透過回顧相關研究、專家訪談以及越南發電廠的案例研究，討論歸納出對應之風險管理手段，以降低設計風險並取得更好的工程成果。具體建議包括：採用國際設計標準；於設計階段使用建築資訊模型；制定明確的設計流程和有效的人才管理策略等。本研究之發現有助於越南電廠興建專案於設計階段之風險分析，也為利害關係人提供了設計過程中的風險清單和管理手段。

Design risks can have a significant impact on construction project success. Focusing on the Design-Build power plant projects in Vietnam, this study lists the design risk factors and ranks them according to the level of impact and possibility, and then suggests appropriate risk management countermeasures. A comprehensive analysis of related research and in-depth interviews with construction specialists in Vietnam resulted in the identification and evaluation of 37 design risk factors. A survey consisting of a five-point Likert scale was distributed to 150 people working in the construction industry regarding the level of impact and possibility for design risks. This produced 106 valid answers for the analysis of the data. According to exploratory factor analysis, six groups could be formed from these factors: risk of design team lack of capacity and experience, risk of improper design scheme, risk of design team lack of responsibility, risk of inefficient document review and poor cooperation between stakeholders, risk of change and requested by owner, and risk of disagreement and misunderstanding by owner. Last, through reviewing related studies, interviewing experts, and a case study of a power plant project in Vietnam, specific design risk management activities have been suggested to mitigate design risks and achieve better project results, including using international design standards, using Building Information Modeling (BIM) in designing phase, having a clear design process, and having an effective human resource management strategy. The findings contribute to the knowledge of Design-Build participants about design risk analysis and risk management activities of power plant projects in Vietnam. More fundamentally, the findings enhance Design-Build participants' understanding and awareness of the level of impact and possibility of risk factors during the design phase. This research also provides stakeholders with a checklist and analysis of risks during the design process, enriching research on risk analysis and management.