考量優先號誌策略之輕軌路線時刻表最佳化架構

Abstract

近年來，基於輕軌系統低成本與運量特性，其逐漸成為臺灣中小型都市提供給民眾的大眾運輸選擇之一。輕軌系統比起其他軌道系統有更多與其他車流共用的路權，為減少於衝突點的停等，以提升輕軌運轉效率，可以規劃適當的時刻表，或提供輕軌列車優先號誌。然而，同步考量兩者的現有研究還不多，其中主要集中於單一優先號誌策略，忽略了多種策略結合使用的潛力。因此，本研究旨在建立一個綜合的最佳化模型架構，用於模擬雙向輕軌路網的營運，並最佳化輕軌列車的旅行時間和一般車流延滯。本研究架構包含被動優先和主動優先等多種優先號誌策略調整空間，以及列車軌跡相關餐變數，並且，針對一些關鍵參數，例如目標式權重，也可以根據需求差異進行調整。 為了驗證模型的實用性，本研究選擇以臺灣新北市的安坑輕軌平面段（雙城站～景文科大站）為例進行實例分析和示範。結果顯示，不同種的優先策略皆能顯著提升輕軌系統的效率，減少旅行時間和車流延滯。此外，敏感度分析結果表明，不同交通流量和權重條件對最佳化結果有顯著影響，趨勢亦符合現實中的預期，結果可以做為實際參數設置時有價值的依據。 本研究的創新在於提出了一個全面的輕軌時刻表最佳化框架，考慮了多種優先號誌策略和不同營運條件，並將可能額外產生的停等情境整理成詳細流程，使本最佳化架構可以應對全面考量時，列車軌跡更多元的可能性，希望為城市輕軌系統與號誌的營運管理提供各式實踐可能性與其理論基礎。

In recent years, light rail systems have gradually become a popular public transportation option in Taiwan due to their low cost and high capacity. Compared to other railway transportation systems, light rail systems often not having exclusive right-of-way. To reduce stops and delays at conflict points and improve operational efficiency, appropriate timetables can be planned, or transit signal priority can be provided for trams. However, there is limited existing research that simultaneously considers both approaches. Most of them focusing on simplistic signal priority strategies and neglecting the potential of combining multiple strategies. Therefore, this study aims to develop a comprehensive optimization model for programming the operation of bidirectional light rail networks and optimize the travel time of light rail trains and general traffic delays. The proposed framework includes various signal priority strategies. Also, some key parameters, could be modified according to varying needs. To validate the model's practicality, this study chooses the at-grade section (from Shuangcheng Station to Jingwen University Station) of Ankeng light rail system in New Taipei City, Taiwan as a case for analysis and demonstration. The results show that all priority strategies have potential to enhance the efficiency of the light rail system, reducing travel time and traffic delays. Furthermore, the sensitivity analysis indicates that different traffic volumes and weight conditions have significant impacts on the optimization results, aligning with real-world expectations. These results provide valuable references for actual parameter settings. The innovation of this study lies in proposing a comprehensive framework for light rail timetable optimization, considering various signal priority strategies and different operational conditions. It also organizes possible additional stopping scenarios into detailed processes, allowing the optimization framework to handle a broader range of tram trajectory possibilities. This study aims to provide theoretical foundations and practical possibilities for the operation and management of urban light rail systems and signals.