臺灣學用落差之探究：科系與報酬關係

Abstract

本研究使用臺灣教育長期追蹤資料庫後續調查(TEPS-B)，探討水平學用落差與薪資報酬的關聯，將學習領域分成「社會組」和「自然組」時，發現隨著學歷的提升，轉組的比例逐漸減少；以及私立大學的學生傾向直接就業，而國立大學尤其是自然組的學生則較多選擇繼續升學。此外，本研究利用隨機森林選出關鍵變數及主要教育路徑進行子樣本分群。接著根據挑選出的變數進行迴歸分析，研究結果顯示，工作社會組與自然組之間在薪資方面無顯著差異，反而是學歷對薪資的關聯更甚。進一步分析發現，學用落差整體而言與薪資呈現顯著負相關，但不同教育路徑也同樣會影響學用落差與薪資的相關程度，以及相同學位下，不同類組的學生在面臨學用落差時，薪資表現可能會有所差別。

This paper uses the Taiwan Education Panel Survey and Beyond (TEPS-B) to explore the relationship between horizontal job mismatch and salary returns. Dividing majors into "social sciences" and "natural sciences," we find that higher education levels correspond to fewer students changing fields. Additionally, private university students tend to enter the job market directly, while public university students, especially in natural sciences, are more likely to pursue further education. Moreover, this paper uses random forest analysis to identify important variables and primary educational paths for sub-sample grouping. Regression analysis shows no significant salary difference between social sciences and natural sciences fields, but a stronger correlation between educational attainment and salary. Further analysis reveals that job mismatch proportions vary by degree and significantly correlate with salary. Within the same degree, students from different fields show varying salary performance when facing job mismatch.