台商電子零組件供應鏈的海外投資區位選擇轉移之研究

Abstract

本研究探討台灣電子零組件供應鏈中，海外直接投資（FDI）布局的轉變。分析台灣電子零組件產業在中國和東南亞地區的海外投資分佈，以制度環境討論對投資區域所造成企業績效的影響。通過定量分析企業層面的數據和定性評估區域政策的研究，強調過去二十年來以及新冠疫情前後，中國沿海和內陸投資的重要性。研究結果顯示，疫情前沿海的海外投資對企業績效有顯著影響，而在疫情後影響減弱，顯著性降低。另一方面，在過去二十年間，中國內陸地區投資的重要性有所增加，反映了區域政策的轉變和工業發展為海外投資區位選擇帶來影響。此外，本研究還探討了將海外投資重新定位到東南亞的現況，基於基礎設施和制度方面的挑戰，目前仍無法為企業在績效上帶來顯著的提升。

This study investigates the shift in Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) location choices within the supply chain of Taiwanese electronic components firms. By analyzing FDI distribution in China and Southeast Asia, this research explores the impact of institutional environments on firm performance. The study applies institutional theory to understand the regulatory, normative, and cognitive dimensions that influence strategic FDI decisions. Using a mixed-method approach, including quantitative analysis of firm-level data and qualitative assessments of regional policies, the research highlights the significance of coastal and inland investments in China before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings reveal that while coastal investments positively influenced firm performance in the period leading up to the pandemic, the benefits have diminished post-pandemic. On the other hand, inland investments have gained importance, reflecting regional policy shifts and industrial development. Additionally, the study examines the limited impact of FDI relocation to Southeast Asia, attributing it to infrastructural and institutional challenges.