學區、房價與收入隔離- 以臺北市為例

Abstract

本研究使用民國101年至109年間臺北市明星國中學區邊界500公尺內的房屋交易資料，包含內政部實價登錄、財政部財政資訊中心的契稅資料、房屋稅資料及個人資料，以斷點迴歸設計（Regression Discontinuity Design）分析臺灣明星國中學區對房屋溢價與收入隔離現象的影響。分析結果顯示，中正國中學區內與學區外的房屋溢價為每坪7.372萬元，並且造成購屋者的年度總收入差距達32.036萬元。相比之下，其他臺北市明星國中學區內與學區外的單坪房屋溢價並不顯著，購屋者的年度總收入差距為17.792萬元，此差距的顯著性並不穩健。在房屋持有人分析中，結果顯示中正國中學區內與學區外的房屋持有人年度總收入差異約為12萬元至20萬元；而在其他明星國中學區內與學區外，房屋持有人的年度總收入並沒有顯著差異。這些結果顯示，明星國中確實會導致房價上漲，並且同時引發顯著的收入隔離現象。

This paper utilizes housing transaction data within 500 meters of the boundary of high-performance junior high school districts in Taipei City from 2012 to 2020, including real price registration data from the Ministry of the Interior and deed tax data, housing tax data, and personal information data from the Fiscal Information Agency, Ministry of Finance. Using regression discontinuity design (RDD), I analyzed the impact of high-performance junior high school districts in Taiwan on housing price premiums and income segregation. The results show that the housing price premium within and outside the Zhongzheng Junior High School district is NT\\$73,720 per ping, and the annual total income gap among house buyers reaches NT\\$320,360. In contrast, the per-ping house price premiums inside and outside the high-performance junior high school districts in Taipei City are not significant. The annual total income gap for home buyers is NT\\$177,920, and the significance of this gap is not robust. The analysis of house owners indicates that the yearly total income difference of house owners within and outside the Zhongzheng Junior High School district ranges from NT\\$120,000 to NT\\$200,000. However, within and outside other star junior high school districts, there is no significant difference in the annual total income of homeowners. These results indicate that high-performance junior high schools indeed lead to an increase in housing prices and simultaneously cause significant income segregation.