臺灣數位落差之分析

Abstract

隨著網際網路時代來臨，在行動載具及通訊設置不斷更新情況下，新生活型態及資訊化的社會，讓人們的生活更加的便利，資訊的傳遞也更加的快速及便捷。然臺灣仍存在資訊化程度不一的差異，即所謂的數位落差，學術文獻上也證實臺灣偏遠鄉鎮地區及非偏遠鄉鎮地區間的確存在著此一情況，因此本研究之目的在於探討上述兩區域間之數位落差分別受到那些因素的影響，並進一步分析地理區域是否為造成兩區域間數位落差之重要原因。 本研究採用國發會《臺灣個人家戶數位機會數位調查》資料庫資料來進行分析，資料期間為2016~2018年，以「是否使用網際網路」作為數位落差之衡量指標，實證則採三階段方式進行：第一階段係透過平均數差異檢定來檢驗兩區域數位落差之存在；第二階段則是運用Logit迴歸模型，以年齡、月收入、教育程度及工作性質等人口特徵四大構面為解釋變數，分別來探討影響兩區域數位落差之決定因素；第三階段利用Blinder-Oaxaca分解，來探討造成兩區域間數位落差之可能因素。 實證結果顯示：偏遠鄉鎮地區及非偏遠鄉鎮地區仍然存在顯著的數位落差。此外，網際網路的使用機率與月收入、教育水準及工作性質呈現顯著正相關，但與年齡呈現顯著負相關。最後，在偏鄉地區及非偏鄉地區數位落差之區域稟賦效果中，教育水準在三年樣本期間內都有顯著影響，而年齡、個人月收入及工作性質則分別有一年無顯著影響。

With the changes of the times and the advent of the Internet era, as mobile vehicles and communication settings are constantly updated, new lifestyles and information-based societies have made people's lives more convenient and the transmission of information faster. and convenience. The differences in the degree of informatization among different ethnic groups in Taiwan have resulted in a digital gap. Most of the results of previous studies on this topic in Taiwan has showed that there is a digital gap between rural and non-rural areas in Taiwan, thus the purpose of this study is to analyze the digital gap between rural and non-rural areas and determine which factors influence the digital gap. This study uses the National Development Council's "Taiwan Individual Household Digital Opportunities Survey" database data from 2016 to 2018 to conduct an analysis of Taiwan's digital gap between rural and non-rural areas. Using "whether the Internet is used" as an indicator of the digital gap, we adopt a three-stage approach to do this research. In the first stage we use T-Test to test the existence of the urban-rural digital gap. In the second stage, we use the Logit Regression Model to explore the possible determinants of the digital gap, such as age, monthly income, education level and work nature. The third stage we use the Blinder-Oaxaca Decomposition Model to explore the possible underlying reasons for the digital gap between rural and non-rural areas. Empirical results show that there is possibly still a digital gap between rural and non-rural areas. The probability of using the Internet is significantly positively correlated with monthly income, education level and work nature, but negatively correlated with age significantly. Among the analysis of the endowment effects of the digital gap, education level is significantly correlated with the endowment effect in all three years,, but age, personal monthly income, and work nature are separately have no impact on the endowment effect in one of the three years.