國軍志願役士兵公餘進修政策評估：一個質與量的研究

Abstract

為客觀評估國軍志願役士兵公餘進修政策，本研究採量化研究與質性研究相結合之方式進行，區分三個層級；最初層級以「文獻探討」蒐整分析問題，透由「深度訪談」訪問曾參與在職進修之12位士兵作為研究對象，再歸類訪談結果；第二層級邀請曾參與公餘進修相關領域之12位校級軍官，擔任德菲法之專家調查，以建構AHP構面、指標及評估標準；第三層級則以120位陸、海、空軍志願役士兵，取樣問卷調查進行補充。綜合上述三個層級，研究分析如次： 一、士兵訪談：在職進修阻礙因素主要是工作與學校課業這兩方面，家庭因素並不是影響在職進修的阻礙因素。 二、專家問卷：個人意向與部隊結構這兩項主要因素是阻礙志願役士兵在職進修的關鍵因素。 三、士兵問卷：志願役士兵普遍認為部隊結構才是進修的最大的阻礙，同時也反映出陸軍的阻礙顯著高於空軍；北部的戰鬥部隊在部隊結構、階級權威服從、個人意向上顯著最高。資歷較淺的士兵在個人意向上顯著高於資深的士兵。 四、意外發現：校級軍官與志願役士兵對於公餘進修阻礙認知有顯著的差異，校級軍官多數認為個人意向才是最大阻礙。但從士兵問卷真實反映出戰備壓力、留營率偏低、招募不易、人手不足等部隊結構性問題，才是阻礙公餘進修最大因素。 依據研究結果建議，國軍應建立知識領導的學習型組織，以鼓勵減少阻礙增加主動進修誘因，開拓多元進修管道，爭取投入更多教育經費，以建全士兵培育體系；未來研究可以從學校老師的角度，進行國軍公餘進修的調查，以臻本研究之不足。

To objectively evaluate the continuing education policy for volunteer soldiers in the National Army, the approach of this study employed a combination of quantitative and qualitative research, and divided into three stages. At the first stage, a comprehensive literature review was conducted to identify the relevant issues. This was followed by an in-depth interview with 12 soldiers who had participated in the continuing education programs. The interview results were then categorized and analyzed. In the second stage, 12 colonel-level officers who had participated in the continuing education programs were invited to serve as experts in the Delphi survey, aiming to construct the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) framework, indicators, and evaluation criteria. The third stage involved a questionnaire survey administered to a sample of 120 volunteer soldiers from the Army, Navy, and Air Force to supplement the findings. The research findings are as follows: 1. Interview with soldiers: The main obstacles to continuing education were primarily related to work commitments and academic workload. However, the family factors were not a significant obstacle to pursuing continuing education. 2. Expert Questionnaires: Two key obstacles identified to hinder voluntary soldiers from engaging in continuing education were personal motivation and military structure. 3. Soldier Questionnaires: The volunteer soldiers generally perceived the military structure as the major obstacle to pursuing continuing education. This obstacle was significantly greater in the Army compared to the Air Force. Additionally, the northern combat troops reported the greatest obstacles related to military structure, hierarchical authority compliance, and personal motivation. The junior soldiers showed significantly higher level of personal motivation compared to the senior soldiers. 4. Unexpected Findings: There was a significant difference in the perception of obstacles to continuing education between the colonel-level officers and the volunteer soldiers. Most colonel-level officers believed that personal motivation was the primary obstacle. However, the results of soldier questionnaires revealed that the structural issues such as combat readiness pressure, low retention rates, recruitment difficulties, and manpower shortages were the primary obstacles to pursuing continuing education. Based on the research results, it is recommended that the National Army should establish a knowledge-led learning framework to reduce possible obstacles and increase incentives for continuing education, to open up diverse learning pathways, and to strive more investment in education funds. Ultimately it is to establish a comprehensive soldier training system. Future research should investigate the continuing education of military personnel from the perspectives of school teachers in order to address the limitations of this study.