論金融監理沙盒制度下之洗錢防制監理 ─ 以外籍移工小額匯兌為例

Abstract

臺灣為西太平洋上交通要塞的海島型國家，鑑於國內勞動市場供不敷求，紛紛向各國外籍移工敞開大門，此人流所帶來的金流勢不可擋，破壞式創新的移工匯兌監理沙盒因此應運而生。然而此類業者多具輕資產、高投入、風險不可預見的特性，其於沙盒期間卻負擔與傳統金融機構相同的洗錢防制義務，甚至因移工匯兌具現金密集性、迅速移轉性、跨國流通性而需與金融機構產生雙重監理的窘況，與監理沙盒制度期待引入彈性實驗的初衷有明顯扞格。將傳統監理加諸於新興科技產品及服務，更直接反映在沙盒申請件數牛步化上，臺灣引以為傲的國際首部「金融科技發展與創新實驗條例」專法，因此因「重洗防、輕新創」而成為濫觴，修法一途儼然勢在必行。

本文研析英國的金融科技發展創新實驗的低干預規範，輔以同為外籍移工匯兌的成功沙盒個案，說明英國如何藉由沙盒實驗協助主管機關有效驗證並解決跨境金融活動所可能產生之洗錢防制與匯兌支付問題，歸納出此類型實驗的風險辨識及抵減措施與科技監理技術上的顛覆。本文進而思忖我國的監理沙盒法制再造，提出彈性建議及驗證機制，在沙盒實驗內之風險微幅且可控的前提下，開放利用監理沙盒制度實驗洗錢防制措施，透過產業界及公部門良性對話，推倒沙盒期間的防制洗錢高牆，以展現臺灣國際新創經濟的彎道超車實力。

Taiwan is an island country with a transportation hub in the Western Pacific. Since Taiwan’s domestic labor market is plagued with insufficient supply, it has opened the door to foreign migrant workers from different countries. The flow of money brought by the flow of people is unstoppable, which triggered the disruptive Sandbox experiments with the Small Remittance Services for Foreign Migrant Workers. These services have the characteristics of light assets, high investment costs, and unpredictable risks. Nevertheless, during the sandbox period, these services are subject to anti-money laundering obligations similar to those of traditional financial institutions. This is obviously inconsistent with the original intention of the regulatory sandbox to bring in flexible experiment. Imposing traditional oversight on emerging technology products directly causes a slow increase in the number of sandboxed applications. In light of this overemphasis on money laundering prevention and excessive neglect of financial innovation, amending the sandbox laws becomes the only way to go.

This thesis will analyze the light-touch experimental standards for financial technology development in the United Kingdom. Its sandbox experiment of Small Amount Remittance for Foreign Migrant Workers helped the competent authorities to effectively verify and resolve money laundering prevention and exchange payment issues that may arise from cross-border financial activities, supported by a successful case. Reflecting on Taiwan`s sandbox regulations based on the UK experience, this thesis proposes Taiwan to adopt flexibility and experimental verification mechanism. Specifically, this thesis argues that the overall systemic risk of sandbox experiments is small and controlled, which creates opportunities for experimenting money laundering preventions in sandboxes. After all, sandbox experiments have never been an extension of money laundering prevention. Through healthy dialogue between the industry and the public sector in sandboxes, this thesis anticipates to pushing down the high wall of money laundering prevention through sandbox experiments and demonstrate Taiwan’s innovation capacity.