中文詞劣效果研究：偵測反置詞的認知歷程

Abstract

本研究將探討中文反置詞的詞劣效果之心理歷程。過去研究認為，英文詞劣效果發生的機制牽涉早期的視覺辨識歷程，但是中文反置詞的詞劣效果應該來自於晚期的語義整合歷程。本研究使用二個實驗來驗證並進一步探討這個想法。實驗一操弄目標詞在文句中的預測性，如果反置詞的詞劣效果是發生在語義整合歷程，當目標詞的預測性低時，參與者就比較容易偵測到反置詞；相反的，當參與者偵測目標詞中的部件時，不管目標詞是高或低預測性，參與者偵測目標部件的偵測率應該不會受到影響。實驗結果與實驗預測相同，此實驗支持中文反置詞的詞劣效果和晚期的語義整合歷程有關。實驗二進一步探討反置詞的偵測機制與不同視野之間的關係。實驗二中，研究者藉由眼動儀來進行「移動視窗」的實驗，參與者必須在三種不同的呈現情境（全視野、視中央、視周圍）下閱讀，並且在閱讀時偵測三種目標（中文字部件、反置詞、形異音同的錯字）。本實驗的結果發現，視周圍的預先處理可以幫助參與者偵測到反置詞，意即讀者的視中央和視周圍都會提供訊息給語義整合歷程。本研究支持中文反置詞的詞劣效果是來自於語義整合歷程。本研究進一步討論語意整合歷程的本質，以及該歷程與偵測反置詞之間的關係。

The purpose of present study is to investigate the underlying mechanism of word inferiority effect (WIE) when detecting position-transposed-characters (PTCs). Previous studies suggested English WIE was involved with visual recognition process, while Chinese WIE was involved with semantic integration process. This study used two experiments to further investigate this issue. Experiment 1 manipulated context predictability of targets (high, low), and target types (Chinese radicals, PTCs). If Chinese WIE was involved with semantic integration process, the detection rate should be higher when target predictability was low. On the contrary, detection rate of Chinese radical should not be affected by target predictability. Experiment results were consistent with the prediction. The results therefore suggested Chinese WIE was involved with semantic integration. Experiment 2 investigated the relationship between detection mechanism of PTCs and visual fields. Researcher performed Moving Window Paradigm with an eye tracker. In the experiment, participants would read sentences in 3 different display conditions (full, fovea only, parafovea only). While reading, participants needed to detect 3 different types of targets (Chinese radical, PTCs, substitution of phonological-similar character). Results showed the pre-process of PTCs in parafovea increased the detection rates. The results suggested that both fovea and parafovea provided information to semantic integration process. Present study supports that Chinese WIE is involved with semantic integration process. The nature of semantic integration process and how this process is relating to PTC detection are also discussed.