晶圓共和國與地緣工程學：東亞半導體產業的統治權力基礎

Abstract

本研究旨在分析東亞半導體生產體系與民主政治體制複合生成的政權模式，並以台灣做為主要案例，述明摩爾定律的文化霸權如何窄化科技發展的詮釋彈性，迫使民族國家動員全國資源投入晶片研發與生產，藉由爭取技術優勢去鞏固國際政治的權力地位；在民族國家展開技術競爭的同時，人民感受到科技民族主義的主體召喚與摩爾定律形成的焦慮感，於是經由民主體制賦予政商聯盟的統治集團動員社會資源的政治認受性，使當權者得以調整經濟結構、外交戰略、國土空間、法律條文去組建以國家為單位的晶片工程系統，從而將社會結構優化到最適宜半導體科技研發的狀態。本文期望借用馬克思主義政治經濟學解構摩爾定律意識形態的國家發展體制，批判主流地緣政治學與地緣經濟學對於晚近國際科技衝突的詮釋方式，同時省思民主政治與科學技術之意義、激發人們對於半導體技術政治之反思，使東亞社會意識到現行發展體制之外存在其他可能性。

This thesis aims to explore the national regimes generated by the interaction of East Asian semiconductor industry and democratic institution, with a focus on Taiwan as main case study. The paper examines the cultural hegemony of Moore’s law narrows the interpretative flexibility of the high-tech production, compelling nation-states to mobilize their national resources for the development of semiconductor technology. To strive for technological superiority, the social construction of techno-nationalism interpellates the individuals to participate the democratic system and legitimates the state apparatus to introduce the policy favoring the semiconductor sector. Consequently, the East Asian ruling blocs are empowered to adjust the country’s economic structure, diplomatic policy, regional planning, and legal provision to establish an optimal national-scale engineering system. By adopting the Marxism approach, this paper seeks to demystify the national regime shaped by the ideology of Moore’s law, criticizing mainstream interpretations of recent international technological conflicts by geopolitical and geo-economic approaches, while reflecting the meaning of democracy and technological modernity. It also seeks to generate the awareness within East Asian people about the alternative possibilities beyond the prevailing high-tech development paradigm.