澳門大學生傳統性別角色、浪漫愛情迷思與戀愛暴力關係研究

Abstract

戀愛暴力被全球視為高度關注的健康問題，且對受暴者可能會造成嚴重的後果。然而，在澳門，戀愛暴力議題鮮少得到討論。故本研究旨在了解澳門大學生戀愛暴力受暴的發生率，以及傳統性別角色、浪漫愛情迷思與戀愛暴力受害的關係，包含實體和網路戀愛暴力的受害。

本研究採用便利抽樣的方法，邀請過去一年內有戀愛經驗且未婚的澳門大學生填寫問卷，研究共回收337份有效問卷。在整體樣本中（n = 337），51.3%研究參與者曾遭受實體戀愛暴力，包括遭受身體暴力（35.3%）、控制行為（33.5%）和性暴力（8.3%），不同性別在身體暴力受暴率存在顯著差異（男性49.1%：女性22.7%），而控制行為（男性32.3%：女性34.7%）和性暴力（男性8.3%：女性8.7%）則沒有達到顯著差異。51.3%研究參與者曾遭受網路戀愛暴力，包括遭受數位監控（46.9%）、數位脅迫（18.4%）和影像性暴力及數位攻擊（11%），不同性別在三種暴力類型的受暴率男性皆比女性略高，數位監控（男性13%：女性9.1%）、數位脅迫（男性48.4%%：女性45.5%）、和影像性暴力及數位攻擊（男性22.4%：女性14.8%）。且有遭受戀愛暴力經驗的研究參與者，有至少35.9%的受害者遭受多重暴力。本研究相關分析結果發現，傳統性別角色、浪漫愛情迷思與實體戀愛暴力受害存在顯著相關性，而浪漫愛情迷思與網路戀愛暴力受害存在顯著相關。迴歸分析發現，浪漫愛情迷思能夠預測實體戀愛暴力的受害，惟傳統性別角色、浪漫愛情迷思皆無法預測網路戀愛暴力受害。另外，本研究發現實體戀愛暴力與網路戀愛暴力之間存在顯著相關性，且兩者互為顯著的預測因子。

本研究發現有超過五成的大學生曾遭受戀愛暴力，但澳門目前未有針對戀愛暴力的防治政策及服務提供，因此依研究結果提出政策、社會服務、專業助人者知能及未來研究的相關建議，以協助大學生發展健康親密關係，促進其身心健康。

Dating violence is considered a health issue of high global concern, and it can have severe consequences for the victims. Despite its gravity, the topic of dating violence is seldom broached in Macau. Therefore, the goal of this research is to explore the prevalence of dating violence victimization among college students in Macau, and to examine the relationship between traditional gender roles, romantic love myths, and dating violence victimization, including both in-person and cyber dating violence victimization.

This research employed convenience sampling, inviting Macau’s college students who have had dating experience in the past year and are unmarried, to complete a questionnaire. This research collected 337 valid samples. In the overall samples (n = 337), 51.3% reported encountering in-person dating violence, including physical violence (35.3%), psychological violence (33.5%), and sexual violence (8.3%). There is a significant difference in the victimization rates of physical violence between different gender (males 49.1%: females 22.7%), while controlling behavior (males 32.3%: females 34.7%) and sexual violence (males 8.3%: females 8.7%) did not reach a significant difference. Additionally, 51.3% reported encountering cyber dating violence, including digital surveillance (46.9%), digital coercion (18.4%), image sexual violence and digital attacks (11%). In the three types of violence, the victimization rates for males are slightly higher than those of females. They include digital surveillance (males 13%: females 9.1%), digital coercion (males 48.4%: females 45.5%), image sexual violence and digital attacks (males 22.4%: females 14.8%). Among the majority of participants who experienced dating violence, at least 35.9% of the victims encountered experiences of multiple forms of violence.

The Pearson correlation analysis results of this research reveal a significant correlation between traditional gender roles, romantic love myths, and in-person dating violence victimization. Similarly, there is a significant correlation between romantic love myths and cyber dating violence victimization. While regression analysis indicates that romantic love myths can predict in-person dating violence victimization, both independent variables fail to predict cyber dating violence victimization. Furthermore, the research finds a significant correlation between in-person dating violence and cyber dating violence, with both serving as strong and reciprocal predictive factors.

The research found that over 50% of Macau’s college students had experienced dating violence, but Macau lacks policies and services for dealing with dating violence. Consequently, based on the research results, relevant suggestions are offered for policies, social services, professional training, and future research to assist college students in developing healthy intimate relationships and promoting their well-being.