從利害關係人之立場、行為與互動探討生物多樣性保育與地方工程之環境衝突

Abstract

本研究以生物多樣性保育的角度探討飯島氏銀鮈與苗栗縣沙河橋相關工程之間的環境衝突事件。透過向該事件中的利害關係人進行半結構式訪談，並運用質性資料編碼分析。旨在深入理解此環境衝突事件以及事件的利害關係人對事件的立場、採取的行為及彼此的互動頻率。研究結果呈現因生態檢核作業未盤點到飯島氏銀鮈而導致的沙河溪事件之過程。本研究將本次環境衝突事件之利害關係人分為五大類，分別為政府部門、環保團體、當地居民、專家學者和生態檢核團隊，並發現同一大類的利害關係人，可依照其各自立場及行為的不同，再進行更詳細的分類。本次事件利害關係人的互動頻率中，除專家學者以外，絕大部分利害關係人彼此之間的互動頻率稍顯薄弱。研究結果亦對本次環境衝突事件列舉三大關鍵議題:生態檢核制度與作業問題、利害關係人之間資訊不對等以及生態保育觀念不普及進行討論。最後，本研究提出五項針對環境衝突事件的預防策略及三項未來展望，預防策略分別為強弱聯繫的應用、社會資本的應用、生態檢核的專業整合、生物資料資訊有條件公開以及增加利害關係人間的互動與溝通。未來展望方面則是提升當地居民對飯島氏銀鮈的認知與情感連結、提升強弱聯繫以及增強社會資本，以提供未來類似的環境衝突事件做為參考依據。

This study examined the environmental conflict between the conservation of Squalidus iijimae and engineering projects related to the Shahe Bridge in Miaoli County, Taiwan, from the perspective of biodiversity conservation. Through semi-structured interviews with stakeholders involved in a conflict incident and qualitative data coding analysis, the study aimed to gain a deeper understanding of this environmental conflict and the stakeholders’ stance on the incident, their actions, and the frequency of their interactions with each other. The results showed the detailed process of the Shahe River incident, in which S. iijimae was omitted from the procedure of ecological consideration for engineering projects. The stakeholders involved in this environmental conflict were categorized into five major groups: government departments, environmental organizations, local residents, experts, scholars, and the team responsible for the procedure of ecological consideration for engineering projects. The study found that each major stakeholder group could be further divided based on the differences in their stances and behaviors. The interaction frequency between the majority of stakeholders, except for the experts and scholars, appeared to be relatively low. We also discuss three crucial issues highlighted in this environmental conflict, including issues of the industry and the system of the procedure of ecological consideration for engineering projects, information asymmetry among stakeholders, and the lack of popularization of ecological conservation concepts. Finally, the study proposed five preventive strategies and three future prospects for environmental conflict incidents. The preventive strategies include the application of strong ties and weak ties, the application of social capital, professional integration of the procedure of ecological consideration for engineering projects, conditional disclosure of biological information, and an increase in interaction and communication among stakeholders. Future prospects aim to enhance local residents’ awareness and their emotional connection to S. iijimae, strengthen strong and weak ties, and increase social capital to provide references for similar succeeding environmental conflicts.