臺灣半導體產業結構的發展與挑戰

Abstract

本研究藉由產業面的發展歷程與上市櫃公司財務數據，探討半導體產業上中下游公司的營運特性與差異，透過分析產業上下游公司的特性，利用財務比率與發展歷程的比較，來看面對市場競爭不同的發展策略。

結果發現，半導體高階製程龐大的資本支出雖讓一部分對手退出，但也引起國際大廠覬覦，高調宣布加入競爭。而台積電藉由在晶圓代工領先優勢，除了繼續深化技術研發，也已將本身財務體質調整至具競爭力的狀態來面對競爭。除了半導體產業上的傳統挑戰，半導體業者還須面對來自家園經濟學(Homeland Economics)、產業鏈低碳永續等外部環境的變化，以及台灣五缺：缺才、缺工、缺水、缺地、缺電等內部環境等議題。

This study uses the development history of the industry and the financial data of listed companies to explore the operating characteristics and differences of the upstream, midstream and downstream companies in the semiconductor industry. By analyzing the characteristics of the upstream and downstream companies in the industry, and using the comparison of financial ratios and development history, viewing the different development strategies in the face of market competition.

It was found that although the huge capital expenditures for high-end semiconductor manufacturing processes have caused some competitors to withdraw, it has also attracted the covetous attention of major international manufacturers, who have announced in a high-profile way that they will join the competition. Taking advantage of its leading position in foundry, TSMC has not only continued to deepen technology research and development, but has also adjusted its financial structure to a competitive position to face competition. In addition to the traditional challenges in the semiconductor industry, semiconductor companies must also face changes in the external environment such as Homeland Economics, low-carbon sustainability of the industrial chain, and Taiwan's five shortages: shortage of talents, shortage of workers, shortage of water, and shortage of water. Ground, lack of power and other internal environment issues.