古漢語測量義「度」的識解：從歷時原型語義學出發

Abstract

本研究藉由語料庫抽樣的方式考察分析古漢語測量義「度」字的義項。我們同時考慮其兩個讀音 duó 和 dù 的情況，從歷時原型語義學角度考察其語義演變的過程，建立「度」字各個義項之間所構成的歷時語義網路。我們從語料庫抽樣所得出的主要22個義項進行語義分析，以「度」字的原型義「測量」為起點，把「度」字的語義演變歸類成3個主要演變方向，依序分成3個義群，並從「聯想」和「類推」入手，探討其語義演變的認知動因。每個義項在其各自所屬的義群中，也是依照其先後出現順序進行編碼。在釐清每個義項所屬的義群以及義項之間的關聯後，我們整合成一個完整的歷時語義網絡。最後，藉由統計驗證「度」字義項的消長情形。

This study investigates the senses of “measurement” 度 in Classical Chinese by corpus sampling. We consider its two pronunciations duó and dù at the same time, examine its semantic change from the perspective of diachronic prototype semantics, and establish a diachronic semantic network of these senses. We conduct semantic analysis on the main 22 senses obtained from the sampled tokens. Then we take prototype meaning of 度 (i.e. to measure) as a starting point, classify the semantic change of the word 度 into three main directions (three sense clusters), and explore the cognitive motivation of senses through ‘association’ and ‘analogy’. Each sense is labeled according to the order of its appearance in its sense cluster. After clarifying the semantic cluster to which each sense belongs and the relationship among senses, we obtain a complete diachronic semantic network of 度. Finally, we verify the growth and decline of the senses of 度 through statistics.