台灣半導體產業與地緣政治

Abstract

受新冠肺炎疫情影響，中美貿易戰持續加劇，全球供應鏈⾯對原物料短缺，和各地居家辦公、居家隔離、封城、停⼯等影響，各產業紛紛出現斷鏈危機，因應遠距上班上課需求陡升下，⾼科技電⼦產業尤其⾸當其衝，⾼需求無法被有限的供給填補，科技產品中最核⼼的引擎—半導體，⼀⼣之間從電⼦商品⼀般普通的財貨變成了關鍵資源，影響著⼀國的科技進步，甚⾄更攸關⼀國的國防安全、經濟命脈與發展。這樣的情勢下，加上半導體產業是台灣經濟組成上的主⼒，使得探討半導體產業與各國地緣政治間相互影響的議題變得格外重要。 本⽂以質性研究⽅式，透過⽂獻探討、次級資料蒐集、個案研究、和專家訪談等⽅法，整理歸納出台灣當前和未來在半導體產業中，產官學上可以採⾏的政策⽅針，以提供公部⾨和半導體領域相關單位參考，希望有助於台灣半導體業界未來發展，有效促使台灣半導體產業在近年各國努⼒追趕的⾼度競爭下，得以持續保持領先全球優勢。

Influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic and intensified US-China Trade War tensions, the global supply chain has faced plenty shortages due to factors such as quarantines, lockdowns, and production halts in various regions. Industries across the board have encountered disruptions, with the high-tech electronics industry, driven by the surge in remote work and online learning, particularly impacted the most. The soaring demand has outpaced the limited supply, and semiconductors, which serve as the critical engine in technological products, have turned into the critical resources of a country from normal electronic commercial goods in a short period of time. Semiconductor industry’s importance extends to technology advancement, national security and economic vitality of a country. Given the importance of semiconductor industry in Taiwan's GDP composition, and Taiwan’s strong position as a major player in the semiconductor industry and the intersection of geopolitical dynamics; the exploration of the interplay between the semiconductor industry and international relations has become crucial. This study adopts a qualitative research approach, incorporating methods such as literature review, secondary data collection, case studies, and expert interviews. It aims to compile and summarize the policy directions that the public, private, and academia sectors of Taiwan can adopt in the current and future semiconductor industry landscape. The findings aim to provide valuable insights for relevant stakeholders. It is hoped that this research will contribute to the further development of Taiwan's semiconductor industry, enabling it to sustain its global presence amidst the intensified competition from other nations in recent years.