危險性行為與蓄意使人感染HIV之爭議

Abstract

人類免疫缺乏病毒（Human Immunodeficiency Virus, HIV），為一種破壞人類免疫系統的病毒。感染HIV病毒後，有機會引起後天免疫缺乏症候群（Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, AIDS），即俗稱之愛滋病。HIV病毒目前最主要的傳染途徑係透過性行為的方式傳染，也因此產生HIV感染者得以透過性行為方式蓄意使他人感染HIV病毒之可能性。有鑒於此，我國目前以《人類免疫缺乏病毒傳染防治及感染者權益保障條例》第21條規範這一類HIV蓄意傳染行為。 然而，現代醫學界就HIV傳染之可能性提出了新的HIV防疫觀念：「檢測不到病毒，即不具傳染力（Undetectable= Untransmittable, U=U）」，意即HIV感染者若規律服用藥物或穩定接受抗病毒療法，可以使感染者自身的病毒量降低至不會傳染HIV給他人之狀態。這一項新的防疫觀念也使《人類免疫缺乏病毒傳染防治及感染者權益保障條例》第21條的危險性行為範圍認定上產生了重要的改變。 本論文將嘗試結合流行病學與法學觀念，探討現行法律框架下，危險性行為與蓄意使人感染HIV可能產生之爭議，嘗試比較我國目前與日本法制之區別，並提出建議。

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus that destroys the human immune system. Infection with HIV may lead to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, commonly known as AIDS, and the most common way of HIV transmission is through sexual intercourse, which creates the possibility that HIV-infected individuals can intentionally infect others with HIV through sexual intercourse. For this reason, Article 21 of the "Regulations on Prevention and Control of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infections and Protection of the Rights" of Infected Persons currently regulates this type of intentional HIV transmission. However, the modern medical profession has developed a new concept of HIV prevention with regard to the possibility of HIV transmission: "Undetectable= Untransmittable, U=U", which means that HIV-infected patients who take medication regularly or receive antiretroviral therapy steadily can reduce their own viral load to a state where they will not be able to infect others with HIV. This is a new concept of immunization. This new concept of epidemic prevention has led to an important change in the definition of risky sexual behaviors in Article 21 of the "Regulations on Prevention and Control of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infections and Protection of the Rights". In this article, I will try to combine epidemiological and legal concepts to explore the controversies that may arise under the current legal framework between dangerous sexual behavior and intentional HIV transmission, and try to compare the differences between the current legal system of our country and that of Japan and make recommendations.