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標題: | 臺灣桑樹種原分析 Germplasm analysis of mulberry (Morus spp.) in Taiwan |
作者: | Lan-Yen Chang 張嵐雁 |
指導教授: | 李國譚(Kuo-Tan Li) |
關鍵字: | 主成份分析,群集分析,流式細胞儀分析,核型分析,螢光原位雜交, Principal component analysis,clustering analysis,flow cytometric analysis,karyotypic analysis,fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), |
出版年 : | 2009 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 摘要
桑樹(Morus spp.)已引入臺灣多年,為具發展潛力之多年生作物,多為雌雄異株,行異花授粉且分布廣泛,遺傳背景複雜,其分類尚待釐清。為瞭解臺灣桑樹種原間之親緣關係,本研究利用營養性狀進行歧異度分析,並以流式細胞儀及核型分析確認其倍體數,俾建立臺灣桑樹細胞遺傳資料庫。 自苗栗區農業改良場桑樹種原庫選出26個品種(系),在2008年調查記錄各品種(系)之21組營養性狀。經主成份分析及群集分析,受試品種(系)可分為三群(一)長果桑(Morus laevigata),(二)廣東桑(M. atropurpurea)、山桑(M. bombycis)、島桑(M. australis)及臺灣桑(M. formosensis),及(三)白桑(M. alba)及魯桑(M. latifolia),群內親緣相近。從中選出葉寬、葉長葉寬比、葉柄寬、休眠需冷量、生長中芽形、休眠芽形、葉色、葉緣及葉尖等九個主要代表性狀,歸納出不受限於株性之桑樹檢索表,可供分類使用。 為估算種原倍體數,以流式細胞儀進行分析,結果顯示參試品種(系)可分為兩類,二倍體包括山桑、白桑、魯桑、島桑、臺灣桑及廣東桑,DNA含量為0.61-0.71 pg/2C。70C006 (M. laevigata) 為三倍體,DNA含量為1.06 pg/2C。67C001 (M. australis) 則有基因組各為0.63 pg/2C的二倍體和0.98 pg/2C的三倍體株,倍體數之差異亦會表現在形態上,三倍體植株較二倍體植株大。 桑樹13個品種(系)之染色體核型一致,14對染色體中,僅第2、5及14對為次中位中節,其餘為中位中節,以螢光原位雜交技術(Fluorescence in situ hybridization, FISH)標定白桑、島桑、廣東桑及長果桑之rDNA基因座位置,分佈位置一致,種間無明顯差異。不同株性的品種(系)中,唯島桑及雜交桑之雄株品種(系),在第3對染色體有一條染色體之短臂染色深,但白桑不同株性品種(系)間則無條帶差異。 Abstract The mulberry (Morus spp.), a perennial crop valued for its economoical importance, had led it a potential crop in the future. Because of its dioecious and cross-pollination nature, a complex genetic background of mulberry cultivars has been developed in Taiwan and the original classification system may need to be reexamined. In this study, the genetic relationship of the mulberry collection in Taiwan has been established by principal component analysis and clustering analysis based on vegetative traits. Besides, the ploidy and karyotype have also been examined to enrich the cytogenetic data base. Twenty-six mulberry accessions from Miaoli District Agricultural Research and Extension Station (MDARES) were selected and 21 morphological characters were evaluated in 2008. Data were used for principal component analysis and clustering analysis. Accessions were grouped into three major clusters: (1) Morus laevigata, (2) M. atropurpurea, M. bombycis, M. australis, M. formosensis, and (3) M. alba and M. latifolia. Nine sets of morphological characters including leaf width, leaf lengths : widths ratio, petiole widths, chilling requirement, bud shape, dormant bud shape, mature leaf color, shape of leaf margin and leaf tip, were chosen to present a new key to mulberry in Taiwan, which is suitable for all sex types. The ploidy of 26 mulberry accessions was determined by flow cytometer. Accessions of M. bombycis, M. alba, M. latifolia, M. australis, M. formosensis, and M. aropurpurea were diploids with genome sizes ranging from 0.61 to 0.71 pg/2C. Aceesions 70C006 (M. laevigata) was a triploid with a genome size of 1.06 pg/2C. Accession 67C001 (M. australis) comprised diploid and triploid with genome size of 0.63 pg/2C and 0.98 pg/2C, respectively. The morphological characters were bigger in triploid also revealed the difference in ploidy leve. The karyotypes of 13 accessions were similar. Among the 14 pairs of chromosomes, chromosome 2, 5, 14 are submetacentric chromosomes while the others are metacentric. Fluorescence in situ hybridization of 5S rDNA and 18S-5.8S-25S rDNA in four species also revealed the resemblance among M. species. In M. australis and some mulberry hybrids, one p-arm of choromosome 3 showed dark staining in male but not in female plants. However, the difference in banding pattern between sex types was not observed in M. alba. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/9107 |
全文授權: | 同意授權(全球公開) |
顯示於系所單位: | 園藝暨景觀學系 |
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