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標題: | 習近平新時代「中國式現代化」研究(2012-2023):國家治理職能的視角 A Research on Chinese-Style Modernization in the New Era of Xi Jinping (2012-2023): From the Perspective of State Governance Capacity |
作者: | 莊卓穎 Cho-Ying Chuang |
指導教授: | 周繼祥 Jih-Shine Chou |
關鍵字: | 中國式現代化,現代化,國家治理職能,國家能力,國家-社會,中國特色,習近平, Chinese-Style Modernization,Modernization,State Governance Capacity,State Capacity,State-Society,Chinese Characteristics,Xi Jinping, |
出版年 : | 2023 |
學位: | 博士 |
摘要: | 中華人民共和國自改革開放後,以其爆發式國力增長擠身世界強國之列。集大權於一身的中國共產黨第五代領導人習近平於2023年三度連任國家主席,他近年所提出的「中國式現代化」概念既總結其主政之初「推進國家治理體系與治理能力現代化」目標,也被視為連繫「習近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想」的重大理論創新,企圖引領中國未來發展方向,朝中共政權長年大力宣傳的「中華民族偉大復興」目標邁進,而日漸成熟之「中國式現代化」理論架構更開始挑戰過往西方中心的現代化論述。
當中國重新拾起其文化傳統、揉合馬克思主義,並採新興「中國式現代化」理論致力打造社會主義現代化強國之際,本篇論文以「中國式現代化」為研究主軸,先闡明其背景與主張、區辨中西現代化發展模式,再進一步自國家治理職能視角出發,就國家滲透社會、調節社會關係、汲取與配置資源等面向研析「中國式現代化」所倡議的治理機制,歸納出中共政權所落實之具體作為,並以中國政府面對Covid-19疫情時採取的管控措施、中共的對臺政策、習近平的共同富裕主張,分別對應國家治理職能的社會滲透、社會關係調節、資源汲取與配置面向,進行代表性案例之經驗分析,而後再針對前述國家治理職能的三個不同變項作綜合估量。 本研究發現,中國政府在推進所謂「中國式現代化」進程中雖作為一個「強國家」,卻不得不更加細緻地處理當代國家與社會的各種新興關係,巧妙將無可迴避之市民社會群體力量轉化為政權正當性的一部分;中共的國家觸手甚至跨越國家統轄的社會疆界,進而延伸至不具國家治權的外部地域,成為迥異於傳統政治學「國家-社會」研究的新興現象。習近平新時代治理模式可被歸結為一種「習治型政府」的獨特未來政府治理模式,他所推崇之「中國式現代化」理論,則成為延續北京共識的新型中國模式;同時,中華傳統文化於中共官方語境中愈漸復甦,作為國家凝聚集體認同的手段之一,中共政權的實用主義與中國政治的「再毛化」也在研究中得到印證,體現「依法治國」大旗下「形式上制度化,實質上制度倒退」現象;習近平推進「中國式現代化」,本質上抗拒著政治民主化、社會多元化等來自西方現代化進程中的普世價值觀,暗喻外國不應干涉中國本國內政,其主張亦將陸續衝擊二戰後西方世界主導形塑之國際秩序與區域安全格局,形成與美國在檯面下的戰略對抗情勢。 至於本文相關研究,則將可拓展國家治理職能的其他創新衡量面向,探索共產中國如何於現代化進程兼顧權威秩序與創新能力之矛盾治理課題,反思並發掘國家中心論、歷史制度主義、比較研究途徑未來的研究潛能,亦可就中國推行現代化所面臨的諸多治理問題與挑戰著手,進而展望「中國式現代化」可能帶來的「中國特色」民主化前景,以及與民主化密不可分的自由、平等與人權等相關議題。 The People’s Republic of China (PRC) has been ranking among the world's great powers with skyrocketing national strength growth since its reform and opening up. As Xi Jinping, the Fifth Generation Leader of the Communist Party of China (CCP), concentrates all the governmental powers on himself and got re-elected as President of the country for the third time in 2023, the concept of “Chinese-style modernization” he proposed in recent years not only summarizes his target to “promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capabilities” at the beginning of his reign but is also seen as the connection of major theoretical innovation of “Xi Jinping’s thought on socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era.” “Chinese-style modernization” attempts to lead China’s future development direction, moving towards the goal of “the great rejuvenation of the ethnically Chinese” that the CCP regime has been vigorously promoting for many years, and its increasingly mature theoretical framework has also begun to challenge the past Western modernization discourse. When China rediscovers its cultural traditions, blending Marxism and adopting the emerging “Chinese-style modernization” theory to build a powerful socialist modernized country, this thesis focuses on “Chinese-style modernization” as its backbone. The research first clarifies its background and propositions, distinguishing between Chinese and Western modernization development models. From the perspective of state governance capacity, the research further analyzes the governance mechanism proposed by “Chinese-style Modernization” factoring in social penetration, social relationship regulation, and the extraction and appropriation of resources by the state, and summarizes the specific actions implemented by CCP. The research then takes the Chinese government’s control measures in the Covid-19 epidemic, China’s Taiwan policy, and Xi Jinping’s proposal for common prosperity as representative cases to carry out an empirical analysis corresponding to the aforementioned three factors, which is followed by comprehensive evaluations and measurements based on these factors of state governance capacity. This thesis found that although PRC is a “strong state” when advancing so-called “Chinese-style modernization,” the PRC government has to delicately deal with the emerging relations between the contemporary state and society, ingeniously transforming the unavoidable power of civil society groups into part of regime legitimacy. The CCP’s tentacles even cross the social boundaries of the state’s governance and extend to external territories where it has no sovereignty, which becomes an up-and-coming phenomenon completely different from the traditional political science “state-society” research. Xi Jinping’s new era governance model can be summed up as a unique future government governance model, that is, “Xi-governance government,” whereas the theory of “Chinese-style modernization” he advocates has become a new Chinese model that continues the Beijing consensus. Chinese traditional culture is gradually revived in the official context of the CCP as well, becoming one of the means for the state to cohere collective identity. The pragmatism of the CCP regime and the “re-Maoization” of Chinese politics are also confirmed in this research, reflecting the phenomenon of “institutionalization in form, institutional retrogression in nature” under the “law-based governance” conception. Xi Jinping’s “Chinese-style modernization” basically resists the universal value discourse from the Western modernization process such as political democratization and social diversity, implies that foreign countries should not interfere in China's internal affairs, and is expected to gradually impact the international order and regional security pattern dominated by the Western world after World War II and form a strategic confrontation between China and the United States under the table. As for the related research, this thesis suggests expanding other innovative measurement dimensions of state governance capacity, exploring the contradictory governance issue about how communist China balances authority order and innovation ability in the process of modernization, reflecting and discovering future research potential of state-centered theory, historical institutionalism and comparative approach. Researchers can also start with the numerous governance issues and challenges when China promotes modernization, forecast the future of “Chinese-style democratization” possibly achieved through “Chinese-style modernization,” and examine the issues inseparable from democratization including freedom, equality and human rights afterwards. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/89961 |
DOI: | 10.6342/NTU202303518 |
全文授權: | 同意授權(全球公開) |
顯示於系所單位: | 國家發展研究所 |
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