論碳排放權之交易契約

Abstract

因應全球暖化問題，氣候變遷成為近年來主要的風險，全球諸多國家考量氣候風險不可控制的特性，對於國家經濟發展具有重大影響，因此，紛紛投入減少碳排放之承諾。然而，我國因國際地位之特殊，無法藉由《京都議定書》之彈性機制而取得碳權，故我國推動腳步相較於歐美國家較為緩慢，惟本研究仍期待能對於我國未來相關政策法規及市場制度之制定設計具有參考價值。 本研究採用文獻資料分析法，我國相關交易制度尚在建立及成形中且於2023年2月15日經歷自2015年7月1日後第一次修法，檢視我國《氣候變遷因應法》可以從條文中完整的碳交易機制及政府的角色與職權發現該法令中政府仍較大幅度的干預與主導我國排放量目標的達成執行，在交易制度的規劃上尚未有明確的法令。本次修法新增「氣候變遷調適專章」，也是修法一大重點，法案規定政府必須建構調適能力，以科學為基礎，評估氣候風險、強化治理能力以提升韌性，建構綠色金融、調適技術研發與教育等，制定國家氣候變遷調適行動計畫。 整體而言，《氣候變遷因應法》新法上路，主要仍仰賴中央管理機關如何善盡職責帶動我國氣候治理環境發展，市場機制之促成就目前市場環境尚在初期發展階段，可預期在短期內難有專法依據，相關契約及交易機制仍仰賴民法契約之保護。 本研究限制在於我國碳排放權交易市場制度尚未成形，相關法律規章及制度仍在初期的發展階段，參考國外作法或國外相關訴訟判決文件時，仍需考量法律制度精神的差異，以及應用至我國環境的適用性。由於我國尚未有針對碳排放權交易之市場，亦無適用之交易法規，故本研究依據現行相關法令內容，對應適用民法之內容進行比較。

In response to global warming, climate change has become a major risk in recent years. Considering the uncontrollable nature of climate risks, many countries around the world have a major impact on national economic development. Therefore, they have committed to reducing carbon emissions. However, due to China's special international status, it is impossible to obtain carbon rights through the flexible mechanism of the "Kyoto Protocol". Therefore, China's progress is slower than that of European and American countries. However, this study still hopes to have a positive impact on China's future relevant policies, regulations and markets. The formulation and design of the system has reference value. This study adopts the method of literature analysis. China's relevant trading system is still being established and formed, and it will undergo the first amendment since July 1, 2015 on February 15, 2023. To examine China's "Climate Change Response Law" can be viewed from the text The complete carbon trading mechanism and the role and authority of the government found that in this decree, the government still significantly intervenes and leads the implementation of China's emission targets, and there is no clear decree on the planning of the trading system. The new "Climate Change Adaptation Special Chapter" is also a major focus of the revision of the law. The law stipulates that the government must build adaptation capabilities based on science, assess climate risks, strengthen governance capabilities to enhance resilience, build green finance, and adjust technology research and development. and education, etc., to formulate a national climate change adaptation action plan. This study adopts the method of literature analysis. China’s relevant trading system is still in its overall form. The new law of the Climate Change Response Law mainly depends on how the central management agency can fulfill its duties to promote the development of China’s climate governance environment. The promotion of the market mechanism has achieved the current situation. The market environment is still in the initial stage of development, and it is expected that there will be no legal basis in the short term. Relevant contracts and transaction mechanisms still rely on the protection of civil law contracts. The limitation of this study is that China's carbon emission rights trading market system has not yet taken shape, and relevant laws, regulations and systems are still in the initial stage of development. suitability for the environment. Since my country does not yet have a market for carbon emission rights trading, and there are no applicable trading regulations, this study compares the contents of applicable civil laws based on the contents of relevant current laws and regulations.