使用不同動作策略對排球選手反向跳跳躍高度之影響

Abstract

背景：反向跳跳躍高度對排球選手來說至關重要，不同選手在執行反向跳過程中會使用不同動作策略，可能偏好髖關節策略或膝關節策略。藉由了解不同動作策略在反向跳時的機制和貢獻將有助於排球選手之個別化訓練。故本研究旨在比較排球選手於反向跳時，使用偏好策略、髖關節策略或膝關節策略時，對於跳躍高度之影響。 方法：共納入19位大學層級男性排球選手 (20.26 ± 1.37歲)。藉由兩天的實驗讓受試者分別以偏好策略、髖關節策略和膝關節策略來練習和執行反向跳。 結果：使用偏好策略具有顯著較高之跳躍高度 (p < .000)，但使用髖關節和膝關節策略之間並無顯著差異 (p = .23)。髖關節策略可提升髖關節活動度和力矩占比，而膝關節策略則提升膝關節活動度占比。偏好策略之活動度比大多落在0.6至1.0，和跳躍高度無顯著相關 (rs = -.019, p = .937)，但和大腿小腿比有顯著中度負相關 (rs = -.561, p = .012)。 結論：使用髖關節策略或膝關節策略會影響關節動作機制，但並不影響反向跳跳躍高度。大多數排球選手使用膝關節策略來跳躍可能和排球運動特性和選手的肢段比例有關。 臨床意義：應依據選手目前所使用之動作策略，強化髖或膝關節肌群訓練。然而使用關節運動學和動力學所辨別出的動作策略可能有所不同，建議不可只看單一參數來決定。排球選手或是大腿長較長之運動選手可考慮強調使用膝關節策略來執行跳躍動作。

Background: The jump height (JH) of the countermovement jump (CMJ) is quite important for volleyball players. However, different players will use different movement strategies during CMJ and may prefer a hip strategy or a knee strategy. Exploring the mechanism and contribution of different movement strategies will benefit the individual training of volleyball players. Therefore, our objective is to compare the effects of using different movement strategies on JH during CMJ in volleyball players. Methods: A total of 19 male collegiate volleyball players (20.26 ± 1.37 y/o) were enrolled. Through the two-day experiment, the subjects practiced and performed CMJ with preferred strategy, hip strategy, and knee strategy respectively. Result: The preferred strategy had a significantly higher jump height (p < .000), but there was no significant difference between the hip and knee strategies (p = .23). Using the hip strategy increased the hip’s contribution to the range of motion (ROM) and moment while using the knee strategy increased knee’s contribution to ROM. The ROM ratios of the preferred strategy mostly fell between 0.6 and 1.0. Although the ROM ratio wasn’t correlated with the jump height (rs = -.019, p = .937), it had a moderate negative correlation with the thigh-shank ratio (rs = -.561, p = .012). Conclusion: Emphasis on using hips or knees to perform CMJ makes no difference in the jump height, but does affect the joint mechanics. Most volleyball players use more knee flexion to jump may be related to the nature of the sport and their segment lengths. Clinical relevance: According to the present strategy, emphasis should be placed on hip or knee training. However, using joint kinematics and kinetics to identify may differ. It is not recommended to only look at a single parameter. Volleyball players or athletes with longer thighs may be suited for knee strategy training.