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標題: | 整合物質流分析與氮磷足跡探討臺灣農畜系統養分管理策略 Integrating substance flow analysis with nitrogen and phosphorus footprints to investigate nutrient management strategies in the agri-food system: A case study of Taiwan |
作者: | 李亦薌 Yi-Hsiang Lee |
指導教授: | 闕蓓德 Pei-Te Chiueh |
關鍵字: | 農畜系統,養分循環,物質流分析,氮,磷,足跡, agri-food system,nutrient cycling,substance flow analysis,nitrogen,phosphorus,footprint, |
出版年 : | 2022 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 養分循環議題近年來受到農畜資源永續利用相關研究重視,主要係因養分利用轉換為食物供應鏈之運作基礎,並耗用有限的自然資源 (如:磷),且養分管理不當將有環境污染之虞,故其於各階段之輸入產出與循環利用需進一步進行探討。臺灣雖具有豐富的農畜產業,然長期倚賴大量飼料與肥料原料進口,因此我國積極推動「循環農業」政策以促進永續發展目標之達成,然而相關策略擬定需基於對當前農畜系統資源利用情形有較全面的認識,惟目前國內尚未有透過養分觀點評估食物生產至消費過程資源流布情形的相關分析,亟需建構一完整評估架構作為提升農業養分資源循環利用效能之基礎。 本研究以2016年至2020年為時間背景,以物質流分析方法,評估農業關鍵養分——氮、磷元素在臺灣農畜系統 (農業初級生產、農產加工、消費與剩餘資材管理) 中的流動情況,辨識養分投入、代謝轉換與損失熱點,並探討養分供需的空間分布差異、分析養分回收情境。本研究最後並將物質流分析結果連結氮、磷足跡指標,以作為檢視、比較各類食物養分資源使用效率的基準。 物質流分析中,臺灣農畜系統的氮、磷最大輸入來源為飼料進口 (169 kt N/yr;87 kt P/yr)、肥料投入 (105 kt N/yr;23 kt P/yr) 與食物淨進口 (67 kt N/yr;8 kt P/yr);氮、磷最主要輸出途徑為加工、生活廢水 (130 kt N/yr;30 kt P/yr、畜牧排泄 (82 kt N/yr;20 kt P/yr) 與耕地排放損失 (50 kt N/yr;5 kt P/yr)。評估耕地養分需求與潛在可回收剩餘資材養分,顯示臺灣可供給養分量大於耕地需求,隱含系統內部養分累積與封閉養分迴圈的挑戰,主要原因為畜牧糞肥產出與飼料種植地空間切割所致。 另與其他國家比較,臺灣化學肥料氮、磷平均施用率與耕地氮、磷剩餘量普遍高於多數國家。剩餘資材回收情境分析中,以提高畜牧糞尿採用沼渣沼液處理比例對氮、磷肥分回收的增量最大,惟需克服沼液儲存輸送問題。氮、磷足跡指標評估中,國人從動物性與植物性食物獲取的氮、磷元素量相近,然動物性食物占總食物消費的氮、磷足跡約80%,顯示植物性食物養分利用效率較高。比較氮、磷在農畜系統中的流失情況,磷損失主要集中在生產階段,氮於生產、消費階段的損失量則相對平均,因此各階段進行養分回收對系統氮、磷回收的成效不同。綜合本研究發現,建議農畜系統氮、磷資源循環提升,需重視消費至生產結構的多元面向管理。 With the growing threats of environmental pollution (e.g., eutrophication) and resource scarcity due to the overuse of fertilizers, nutrient cycling has been becoming an essential issue for the agri-food system's sustainability. Although a wide range of farm products is produced domestically, Taiwan has long been dependent on imported resources. The "Circular agriculture" approach, therefore, was adopted by the government to conserve and restore resources within the food supply chain. To inform policy decisions on related aspects, a more holistic view of resource flows in the agri-food system is necessary. Firstly, by using substance flow analysis (SFA), the study took Taiwan as a case study for the year 2016-2020 to map and quantify nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) flows in the agri-food system and to investigate the potential factors for improving nutrient circularity. Secondly, the SFA results were integrated into N and P footprints to characterize the efficiency of nutrient usage in different food categories. The SFA results suggested that the two main N and P inputs sources of agri-food system were animal feed in the value of 169 kt N/yr and 87 kt P/yr, respectively, and synthetic fertilizers in the value of 105 kt N/yr and 23 kt P/yr respectively. The two major N and P outputs were from wastewater in the value of 130 kt N/yr and 30 kt P/yr, and from manure management loss in the value of 82 kt N/yr and 20 kt P/yr, respectively. Due to the spatial decoupling of feed production and animal farming, the potential nutrient supply from local excreta and processing by-products was found to be significantly greater than the required in farmland, indicating that nutrients had accumulated in the system. In the N and P footprints analysis, the average Taiwanese consumer consumed around the same amount of N and P nutrients from both animal and vegetable food products. However, animal products accounted for 80% of all food N and P footprints, demonstrating that plant-based products exhibited higher efficiency of nutrient usage. P is released in greater relative amounts during the production stages, whereas N is released more evenly throughout the various stages of food production and consumption. These results show that enhancing nutrient cycling in Taiwan requires a change in both food production and consumer behavior. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/89690 |
DOI: | 10.6342/NTU202203841 |
全文授權: | 同意授權(全球公開) |
顯示於系所單位: | 環境工程學研究所 |
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