Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/89622
Title: | 貧血盛行率及空氣鉛濃度於禁止有鉛汽油使用前後的比較 Anemia Prevalence and Ambient Air Lead Levels in Taiwan: A Before and After Comparison of the Leaded Gasoline Ban |
Authors: | 劉雅安 Ya-An Liu |
Advisor: | 陳保中 Pau-Chung Chen |
Co-Advisor: | 陳家揚 Chia-Yang Chen |
Keyword: | 貧血盛行率,空氣鉛濃度,有鉛汽油使用禁令,空氣污染,重金屬,環境政策, anemia prevalence,air lead levels,the leaded gasoline ban,air pollution,heavy metals,policy and practice, |
Publication Year : | 2023 |
Degree: | 碩士 |
Abstract: | 研究背景:鉛暴露會對人體生理功能造成許多負面影響,進而造成健康危害,過去研究顯示鉛暴露與貧血風險有關。由於鉛暴露所造成的各種健康危害,全球政府訂定相關規範以降低鉛的排放量,臺灣也於2000年時禁止使用含鉛汽油,而隨著無鉛汽油的使用,空氣中鉛濃度逐漸下降,且血中鉛濃度也隨之下降,然而,目前現有研究較少針對無鉛汽油禁令對於血紅素濃度及貧血盛行率的影響進行探討。因此,本研究旨在比較臺灣在含鉛汽油禁令前後,貧血盛行率與空氣中鉛濃度的差異及兩者相關性。
研究方法:研究人群為1993至1996 年與2004至2008年國民營養健康調查中19至64歲的成年人,本研究的貧血定義為男性血紅素小於13.0 g/dL,女性血紅素小於12.0 g/dL,而本研究中1993年至2021年空氣中鉛濃度的數據來自於臺灣的環境保護署。研究中比較1993至1996 年與2004至2008年成人血紅素濃度及貧血盛行率的差異,並利用線性迴歸模型分析空氣中鉛濃度與血紅素濃度的關聯,利用羅吉斯迴歸模型分析空氣中鉛濃度與貧血的關聯。 研究結果:自1993年至2021年,台灣空氣中鉛濃度逐漸下降。而於本研究所涵蓋的19至64歲成年人中,2005至2008年的貧血盛行率 (12.4%) 略低於1993至1996 年的貧血盛行率 (12.9%),但未有顯著差異。然而,經迴歸分析並校正其他變項後,空氣中鉛濃度與血紅素濃度呈現顯著負相關,且空氣中鉛濃度與貧血呈顯著正相關。 結論:台灣空氣中鉛濃度自2000年起呈明顯下降趨勢,此外,在本研究中,禁止有鉛汽油使用後的貧血盛行率些微降低,且經校正其他變項後,空氣中鉛濃度與貧血呈顯著正相關,而其與血紅素濃度呈顯著負相關。 關鍵字:貧血盛行率、空氣鉛濃度、有鉛汽油使用禁令、空氣污染、重金屬、環境政策 Background: Lead exposure can adversely affect many physiologic functions of human, and it was associated with anemia risk. Due to the adverse health effects of lead exposure, the governments worldwide put forward the regulation to decrease lead emissions. Therefore, the leaded gasoline was banned in Taiwan in 2000. The introduction of lead-free gasoline resulted in a decrease in air lead levels and a decrease in average blood lead levels consequently. However, there is a lack of studies specifically investigating the impact of the ban on leaded gasoline on the improvement of anemia prevalence. Our study aimed to investigate the differences of prevalence of anemia and ambient air lead level before and after the ban on leaded gasoline in Taiwan. Methods: The study population would consist of adults aged 19 to 64 years old. Data of hematological indicators, such as hemoglobin level, was obtained from Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan during the periods of 1993-1996 and 2004-2008. Anemia was defined using a strict cut-off of <13.0 g/dL in men and <12.0 g/dL in women of hemoglobin. And the ambient air lead levels of years during 1993-2021 were extracted from Environmental Protection Administration in Taiwan. Descriptive statistics were generated to demonstrate the differences in hemoglobin levels and anemia prevalence between the periods of 1993-1996 and 2005-2008. Linear regression model was generated to examine the associations between the ambient air lead levels and hemoglobin levels. Logistic regression model was generated to examine the associations between the ambient air lead levels and anemia. Results: The ambient air lead levels in Taiwan have been decreasing from 1993 to 2021. Furthermore, among adults aged from 19 to 64 that included in this study, prevalence of anemia (12.4%) in 2005-2008 was slightly lower than the prevalence (12.9%) in 1993-1996, although the difference was not statistically significant. Besides, a significant negative association was identified between ambient air lead levels and hemoglobin levels. Furthermore, a significant positive relationship was found between ambient air lead levels and anemia. Conclusions: In our study, the ambient air lead levels in Taiwan exhibited a decline following the ban on leaded gasoline. The prevalence of anemia was slightly decreased among adults aged from 19 to 64 included in this study after the ban on leaded gasoline. Furthermore, a significant negative correlation was found between ambient air lead levels and hemoglobin levels, and a significant positive relationship was identified between ambient air lead levels and anemia. The results of this study can provide evidence of the improvement of anemia risk after the ban on leaded gasoline and help the authorities to evaluate the impact of the environmental regulations. Keywords: anemia prevalence, air lead levels, the leaded gasoline ban, air pollution, heavy metals, policy and practice |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/89622 |
DOI: | 10.6342/NTU202301037 |
Fulltext Rights: | 同意授權(限校園內公開) |
Appears in Collections: | 環境與職業健康科學研究所 |
Files in This Item:
File | Size | Format | |
---|---|---|---|
ntu-111-2.pdf Access limited in NTU ip range | 2.81 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
Items in DSpace are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.