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標題: | 勞工職業災害保險及保護法之研究-以非僱傭勞工為中心 Labor Occupational Accident Insurance and Protection Act - Research centered on Atypical worker |
作者: | 林惠茹 Hui ju Lin |
指導教授: | 蔡季廷 Chi-Ting Tsai |
關鍵字: | 職災保險,勞保申報制,非僱傭勞工,4人以下加保,政策形成, Occupational accident insurance,Labor insurance,enrollment principal,atypical workers,the benefit insurance and social insurance pension, |
出版年 : | 2023 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 職災保險是勞工發生職業災害時即時填補其損失、為雇主分攤責任的制度,災保法擴大納保所有受僱者,當新型勞務供需模式正改變勞動市場結構、促進勞動力流動的同時,非僱傭勞工面臨相同職災風險卻須自行承擔,強化其社會保障才能保護勞動力,國家應介入透過調整保障體系制度相應。法政策學涉及實證研究,就宏觀結構、微觀政策過程及實務情形,本文以文獻分析及深度訪談推動法案者、支持及反對者9位相關人士,輔以研究者實務經驗解釋法律適用,研究災保法的制定與執行是否達成特定之政策目的及評價其法政策得失。
災保法強制納保超越僱傭關係框架加入非適用勞基法的移工看護及幫傭和公法救助關係實際勞動者、讓勞工享有職災保險到職即生效免再因雇主申報制處於不平等狀態、新增臨時性勞工自行簡便加保,那麼其他長期非僱傭勞工能否透過社會保險分攤風險? 而災保法是政府為分攤雇主責任所設保險,對於新形態勞工是否有法律制度可保障? 本文探討非僱傭勞工納入職災保障之可能性,學者提出在實務現場保障勞工立場應從寬以部分從屬性來認定勞務關係,本文以平台外送員作為代表,列出3種加保政策建議提高非僱傭勞工加保涵蓋率,第一種不論勞工身分定性以中間僱傭者或準勞工身分加保,直接與保險人成立保險法律關係,第二種採取以場域為標的概念加保,以平台為投保單位幫個別勞工申報加保,第三種是維持以第7條職業工會作為加保管道,並在普通及職災保險間得選擇性加保,減少加保阻力,增加誘因提高加保率。 研究發現應刪除無一定雇主加入職業工會規定以符體制,無工商登記或稅籍單位所僱勞工可准於加入職業工會投保? 應貫徹各保險對象以正確途徑加保減輕政府保費負擔;職業病鑑定縮減為單軌制對非受僱未加保勞工之影響? 工作者全面納保既能支持弱勢勞工分散風險、也可達成職災及健保醫療資源調節影響所得重分配功能,讓資源更有效的運用。 Occupatioanl accident insurance is a system that immediately compensates employees for occupational accidents and shares the responsibility with employers. As new labor supply and demand patterns change the labor market structure and promote workforce mobility, atypical workers face the same risks of workplace accidents but must bear the burden themselves. Strengthening their social security is crucial to protect the workforce. Therefore, the government should intervene and adjust the protection system accordingly. This study aims at worker’s protection, involves empirical research on the macro structure, micro policy processes, and practical situations. In original, the unbalance of legal relationship between the insurer and insured caused by “enrollment principal,the new law make Insurance effective on the day of employment and provides fair legal relationship. It utilizes literature analysis and in-depth interviews with 9 relevant stakeholders. The Insurance Law mandates coverage beyond the employment framework, including migrant caregivers in household and household chores by the central competent authority, central competent authority who provide labor insurance and receive remunerations. as well as allowing temporary workers to easily enroll. However, the question remains whether other long-term atypical workers can share the risk through social insurance. As the Insurance Law is designed to spread employer responsibility, the adequacy of legal provisions for new forms of labor remains a topic of concern. This study explores the possibility of extending occupational accident coverage to atypical workers and proposes three policy suggestions to increase coverage, focusing on delivery riders as a representative case. The study finds that all insurance applicants should follow the correct procedures to ease the government's premium burden. Reducing the limit of occupational disease assessment for atypical workers is also essential. Comprehensive insurance coverage not only supports vulnerable workers in risk dispersion but also facilitates income redistribution through the regulation of occupational accidents and health insurance medical resources, leading to more effective resource allocation. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/88957 |
DOI: | 10.6342/NTU202303429 |
全文授權: | 未授權 |
顯示於系所單位: | 政治學系 |
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