我國營業秘密法與離職後競業禁止約款對企業維持競爭力保護效果之探討

Abstract

隨著時代的進步，我國企業的經營模式已從早期於國內之地域性商業行為邁入全球之國際性商業行為，因此各國企業間相互競爭也愈趨激烈，然企業為維持其競爭優勢會投入大量之人力、物力以提升相關研發、創新等優勢。但對於競爭較為落後之企業及新成立之企業，為了縮短達成獲利之時程，往往在選擇抄捷徑之際，會祭出高薪、高誘因，對企業間之員工進行惡意挖腳之行為，另外有時企業員工為有更好之發展亦會選擇跳槽至其他企業，因此如何避免員工離職後任職於具相關業務之競爭公司，使企業被迫面對因不公平之方式還造成之競爭與挑戰，是以避免如此之窘境已成為企業為維護其競爭優勢的一項重要的課題。 近年來我國高科技產業等領先全球之技術，已於國際上佔有非常重要之地位，面對世界各國其產業的競爭，早於幾年前國內之企業就已逐漸開始面對員工遭挖腳與跳槽的情況，當然這樣的情形也已不僅單侷限國內甚至於國外，因此員工為任職於下一間公司時，往往不泛出現盜用、洩漏或已不法之手段取得原任職公司之營業秘密，其不單破壞了企業公平競爭之秩序，亦有可會讓我國企業不再投入資源以維持相關之研發、創新之競爭優勢，最終影響企業之競爭優勢。 有鑑於此，我國為加強對於營業秘密之保護，於85年公布施行營業秘密法，102年增訂第13-1條至第13-4條之刑事制裁規範，確立刑罰化以保障企業之營業秘密及維持公平競爭之秩序及競爭優勢。近年又為保護我國高科技產業及穩定國家經濟發展，於111年於國家安全法中增加具國家核心關鍵技術相關之營業秘密的保護機制。故單純僅靠營業秘密法是否就能達到欲保護之效果嗎？是必須加以探討。而營業秘密為一重要課題是無庸置疑的，但如前述，實務上多數造成營業秘密洩漏之原因還是在於員工離職帶槍投靠所造成的，因此企業往往為保護其營業秘密多會與員工簽訂離職後競業禁止約款，用來保護營業秘密不會因員工離職後遭外洩之虞，於此我國於104年勞動基準法中增訂第9-1條，對離職號競業禁止約款之是否成立提供了一個審查標準。而這樣的條文究竟是否可保護企業之營業秘密不被外洩，於實務上仍需觀察與探討。 故本文將透過對營業秘密相關法制規範與離職後競業禁止之探討，來討論是否足以保護我國企業維持競爭之優勢。

With the advancement of age, the business model of enterprises in Taiwan has changed from the internal regional business to the global international business. Therefore, competition among firms is becoming more and more intense in the world. The manpower and material resources are used to enhance the advantages of related R&D and innovation is necessary. However, for achieve goal quickly, some companies which have backward technology or new one that usually provide the offer is high salaries and high incentives to maliciously poach the employees of the company. Therefore, how to prevent employees from working in competing companies with related businesses after leaving the company, forcing the company to face the competition and challenges caused by unfair methods, is to avoid such a predicament has become a way for companies to maintain their competitive advantages. Recently, the high-tech industry in Taiwan and becomes the leading of the world. Taiwan companies are facing the competition of this kind of industries from the world and some employees will work for competing companies. For avoid steal, leak or obtain the trade secrets of the former company through illegal means that is very important things to maintain company competitive advantage. For strengthen the protection of trade secrets, Taiwan promulgated and implemented the Trade Secrets Act in 1996 and in 2011, Articles 13-1 to 13-4 were added for the criminal sanctions. It can protect the trade secrets of enterprises and maintain the fair competition and competitive advantages. In recent years, in order to protect high-tech industry and stabilize t economic development, Taiwan amended National Security Act in 2022 for trade secrets of national core key technologies. In 2015, Taiwan added Article 9-1 in Labor Standards Act for after-resignation business strife limitation agreement requirements review. Therefore, this article to discuss trade secret act and the after-resignation business strife limitation agreement which are enough to protect Taiwan enterprises to maintain competitive advantages or not.