台灣地方議員選制改革之困境：多元流程模式理論之應用

Abstract

台灣地方議員選舉制度採用單記非讓渡投票制(Single non-transferable vote，SNTV），該選制在台灣使用的歷史最早可以追溯至日治時期的街庄協議會選舉，迄今已存在近90年。在這段歷史長河中，地方議員選舉因出現很多攸關選風敗壞的問題，故有諸多學者提出各種改革選制的方案希望為選風敗壞帶來改善，另也有其他有別於更改選制的方法被提出商研。但主要還是以學界討論的更改選制為討論熱區，申言之，諸多學者認為可以透過改革選舉制度以杜絕選風敗壞的問題，且討論度亦持續多年，因此，本文想探討，既然討論的聲音如此多，那麼為何地方議員選舉制度遲遲無法進行改革?本文使用金敦(John, Kingdon)提出的多元流程模式(multiple streams model)作為研究架構，並從其問題流（problems stream）、政治流（politics stream）和政策流（policies stream）進行分析解釋之。本文發現最大的原因係學界站在應然面看待選舉制度，並提出其影響到選舉層面的批判。然而，政治實務界則對現行選制持滿意態度，且認為地方議員選舉縱然有其缺失所在，但其問題並非出於選舉制度。由此顯見，學界與實務界對於地方議員選舉制度的看法不存在共識，因而導致即使學界提出諸多改革選制的方案，政治實務界仍興趣缺缺，此即為地方議員選舉制度迄今未能進行改革的最主要因素。

The single non-transferable vote (SNTV) system has been utilized in Taiwan's local council elections for nearly 90 years, dating back to the city and village assembly’s elections held during the Japanese colonial period. During this lengthy period of history, there were numerous electoral system corruption issues in the election of local councilors. In an effort to eliminate the system's corruption, numerous academics have proposed various electoral system reforms. The primary topic of discussion, however, has been the modification of the electoral system, which has been a hot topic among academics. In other words, numerous academics have believed for years that the electoral system can be reformed in order to eliminate the problem of corrupt elections. Since there have been so many discussions, this study has aimed to determine why the election system for local councilors has not been reformed. This study has analyzed and explained the multiple streams model proposed by Kingdon in terms of the problem stream, the politics stream, and the policies stream. The primary reason for this, according to this study, is that the academic community views the electoral system from a contingent perspective and critiques its effect on the electoral level. The political community, however, is contented with the current electoral system and believes that, despite the fact that there are flaws in the election of local council members, the problems do not originate from the electoral system. Evidently, there is no consensus between the academic and practical communities regarding the electoral system for local councilors. Consequently, despite the fact that the academic sector has proposed numerous reforms to the electoral system, the practical political sector remains uninterested. This is the primary reason why the system for electing local councils has not yet been reformed.