環境關懷、經濟狀況、政治態度對臺灣民眾再生能源政策態度之影響

Abstract

推行再生能源政策是世界主流，民眾態度將會影響政策能否順利推行，於是，研究再生能源政策態度為當代重要議題。過往研究已指出，個人是否支持再生能源政策，取決其個人對於環境的關懷、經濟狀況及政治立場。然而，上述三大面向何者為主要的影響因素，在既有的文獻中，鮮少被討論。本研究利用2020年「臺灣社會變遷調查計畫」資料，以OLS迴歸模型分析個人和家庭，在環境關懷、經濟狀況、政治態度與再生能源政策態度之間的關係。研究結果顯示，環境關懷面向中，環境友善行為對個人再生能源政策的影響，達統計上顯著水準，經濟狀況面向中，收入與再生能源政策態度則有顯著的正向關係，政治態度面向中，政治效能感、蔡英文支持者、泛綠支持者皆是解釋再生能源政策的重要因素，其中，僅有部分的證據支持機構信任對再生能源政策態度有影響。根據此一研究結果，政府欲推行再生能源政策，應優先加強民眾對執政黨之信任與提升民眾政治效能感，如果有更多資源，再提升民眾之經濟能力或加強環境教育。

The successful implementation of renewable energy policies hinges on public attitudes, making it essential to comprehend the factors influencing individuals' support for such policies. Prior research has acknowledged the potential impact of environmental concern, economic status, and political attitude on attitudes towards renewable energy. However, limited attention has been devoted to examining the relative influence of these factors on public attitudes in this domain. This study draws upon data from the 2020 "Taiwan Social Change Survey" to investigate the interplay between environmental concerns, economic conditions, and political attitudes towards renewable energy policy. The research findings reveal that environmental concern exerts a moderate impact, with pro-environmental behavior positively influencing attitudes towards renewable energy policies. Similarly, economic status demonstrates a moderate influence, with higher income levels being associated with greater support for renewable energy initiatives. In contrast, political attitude emerges as the most potent factor, wherein political efficacy, support for Tsai Ing-wen, and alignment with the Pan-Green coalition significantly enhance individuals' positive attitudes towards renewable energy policies. Additionally, public trust in the government plays a role in predicting attitudes in this context. The results underscore the paramount importance of political attitudes in shaping public support for renewable energy policies in Taiwan, with economic attitudes also playing a noteworthy role. As such, the government's focus should prioritize efforts to bolster public trust in the ruling party and cultivate citizens' sense of political efficacy when implementing renewable energy policies. Moreover, if resources permit, interventions aimed at improving the public's economic capacity and reinforcing environmental education are recommended to further foster support for sustainable energy initiatives. Policymakers can utilize these findings to design targeted strategies that enhance public acceptance and enthusiasm for renewable energy policies, ensuring their successful implementation and fostering sustainable energy transitions.