環境差異為影響綠豆傳播史的限制因子

Abstract

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While considerable attention has been devoted to comprehending the process of crop domestication, comparatively less emphasis has been placed on investigating the post-domestication spread of crops beyond their native range. However, the details of the cultivation route and the factors that influence the expansion of the crop's cultivation range remain unknown. In this study, we used mungbean (Vigna radiata var. radiata) as a case study to investigate the crucial role of climatic adaptation in shaping the unique route of cultivation range expansion across Asia. Using genomic data from over 1,000 cultivated mungbean accessions that represent global diversity, our analysis revealed the existence of four distinct genetic groups with specific geo-climatic distributions. Despite South and Central Asia being geographically close, our genetic evidence indicates that mungbean originated in South Asia, followed by its spread to Southeast Asia. Subsequently, it experienced a northward expansion into East Asia and reached Central Asia. The ecological niche modelling and plant morphology among each genetic group suggests that the cultivation route of mungbean in Asia was influenced by climatic limitations related to annual precipitation variability and farmer practices in each region. These factors resulted in the divergent selection, favouring higher yield production in the southern regions while promoting the cultivation of accession, which has a shorter growing season and more drought tolerance in northern Asia. This study reveals that the cultivation of mungbean was not solely determined by human activity but was shaped by the adaptations developed by mungbean accessions in response to local environments. Our results reinforce the idea that the south-north axis poses considerable challenges to the dissemination of human commensals across continents. Reconstructing the dispersal history of mungbean and its adaptation to diverse climates may help to uncover the genetic basis for crop adaptation to new environments, assisting plant breeders in identifying mungbean accessions with drought tolerance or genetic traits that can be utilized for crop improvement.