大型都市公園的發展與規劃設計剖析

Abstract

大型公園是建構生態低碳永續城市之關鍵要素，為城市自然棲地的生態涵養場所，與小型踏腳石公園及綠帶相互鏈結成網絡。然而臺灣大型公園的發展型態、規劃設計及管理模式皆與一般都市公園無異，尺度上的差異及當代之環境概念並未顯現於公園的規劃設計與經營管理上，是以本研究擬探討晚近城市大型公園發展規劃之課題、闢建關鍵及建設趨勢，檢討國內大型公園之規劃設計課題，取經法國、德國、加拿大及臺灣等國內外當代大型公園闢建的典範經驗，以嘉義都會森林公園與嘉義公3公園為例進行探討，將大型公園闢建進程分為用地選擇、闢建策略、規劃設計、維護管理進行分項說明，提出大型公園個案闢建各階段之缺失與建議，以及未來發展趨勢。結果指出公有地優於私有地、中央計畫補助優於市政計畫、開放性計畫時程優於完整配置計畫，規劃設計上應採行跨領域合作模式、促進廣泛民眾參與、生態設計、開放動態系統、城市網絡串連等多項闢建原則，並採空間租賃等委外營運制度以落實大型公園永續經營的遠景。

Large parks are the key elements that to construst the ecological, low-carbon and sustainable city, would be the places of ecological restoration and natural habitats, link with small parks as stepping stone to construct a network. However, the development styles, planning, design and management model of large parks are similar with general urban parks, the difference of scale and contemporary concept of environment are not emerge in planning, design and operation of parks in Taiwan. So in the study I will summarize the development issues and trendencies of large parks, review the issues of planning and design of large parks in Taiwan, and learn from other experiences of countries that included Frence, Germany, Canada and Taiwan, being case study of Chiayi Metropolitan Forest Park and No.3 Park, then proposed the suggested principles and future trends for each stages of building large parks. The discussions divided the phases of construction into six items: lands acquisition, shape of parks, location of parks, building strategy, planning and design of parks, maintenance and operational plans. The results are: (1) the public lands are better than privacy lands; (2) central plans are better than mumicipal plans; (3) open processes of plan is better than overall-plan; and in the stage of planning and design, designers should apply the way of (4) interdisciplinary cooperation, (5) promote the broad public participation, (6) adopt ecological design approaches, (7) open and dynamic system, (8) integrate the network of city, and use (9) rental mechanism to operate the sustainable large parks.