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標題: | 分手的代價:從臺灣的法與社會論離婚後財產分配(1683-2022) The Price of Ending Relationships:Property Distribution after Divorce from the Perspective of Law and Society in Taiwan (1683-2022) |
作者: | 呂嘉容 CHIA-JUNG LU |
指導教授: | 王泰升 Tay-Sheng Wang |
關鍵字: | 法律史,聘金,淡新檔案,日治法院檔案,離婚給付, Legal History,Dowry,Tan-Shin Archives,Taiwan Colonial Court Records Archives,Divorce Payment, |
出版年 : | 2023 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 「離婚後財產分配」為夫妻之間離婚後所生的財產變動情形,包含聘金返還、私產歸屬(夫妻財產清算)、因離婚所生損害賠償,及離婚後扶養等類型。本文從法與社會互動的觀點,考察「離婚後財產分配」自清治時期至戰後臺灣的法規範及社會實踐的內涵,描繪出參與主體之間的財產變動樣態。
清治臺灣婚姻解消後的財物分配類型包含「贖身銀之交付」與「私產歸屬」。贖身銀在性質上等於妻家將聘金返還男方,面對贖身銀的相關紛爭,官府傾向促成和息以銷案。關於妻妾與入贅丈夫的「私產歸屬」,前者繫諸私產種類及婚姻解消型態,後者原則上得由入贅丈夫帶走。日治時期引入現代法體系及概念,轉化既有的財物分配類型。本文以法院的判決例為基礎,分析法院如何在僅涉及臺灣人的親屬繼承事項依習慣法之規定下,一方面保留清治以來的法律傳統,另一方面也引進現代法概念進行改造、進一步創設「因離婚所生損害賠償」之相關制度。關於「離婚後財產分配」之社會實踐,本文使用報紙及日記等,探討法律傳統的延續,及法規範體系的變遷對於人民觀念與作法的改變。戰後,中華民國民法施行於臺灣,明文化除了聘金返還以外的財產分配概念,「離婚後扶養」則首次以贍養費的規定出現在臺灣的法規範。相較於日治時期,離婚後財產分配在法規範內涵上更為充實、精細。人民對於離婚後財產分配的認知及行為,除了因應法規範內涵而有所不同,仍有部分延續自清治及日治臺灣。離婚後財產分配之各概念,也可能出現交互使用的情形。 整體而言,「離婚後財產分配」之法規範內涵隨著不同統治時期有所改變,社會實踐則可能部分延續傳統,兩者亦互相形塑。歷經百年來法與社會的變遷,付出「分手」代價的主體從總是女方轉變為經常是男方,人民關注的離婚後財產分配類型,則從聘金返還逐漸過渡至離婚後分配剩餘財產及「贍養費」。 "Property Distribution after Divorce" refers to the changes in property ownership between divorced couples, including the return of dowry, allocation of private property (Liquidation of Marital Property), compensation for damages caused by divorce, and maintenance after divorce. This essay examined the norms and social practices of "Property Distribution after Divorce" in Taiwan from the perspective of the interaction between law and society, starting from the Qing Rule era until the Postwar Taiwan era. In addition, the essay described the involvement of property distribution among parties. During the Qing Rule era, the forms of property distribution after marriage dissolution included "delivery of ransom" and "allocation of private property." Ransom refers to the wife's family returning the dowry to the husband. While encountering conflicts regarding ransom delivery, the officials preferred to resolve through parties' reconciliation. Wives' and concubines' private property allocation depended on property types and forms of marriage dissolution. In the case of the dissolution of uxorilocal marriages, the husband often took their property away. Modern legal systems and concepts, which were introduced in the Japanese Rule era, transformed the existing property distribution forms. Based on court judgments, this essay analyzed how the courts preserved the legal traditions inherited from the Qing Rule era while introducing modern legal concepts and establishing the institution for "compensation for damages caused by divorce" under the stipulation of Taiwanese family relations and succession governed by customary law. Regarding the social practices related to "Property Distribution after Divorce," this essay investigated the continuity of legal traditions and the impact of the shifts in the normative system on the changes in people's perceptions and behaviors through reviewing newspapers and diaries. The Civil Code of the Republic of China was implemented in the Postwar Taiwan era, codifying concepts of property distribution beyond "the return of dowry." The "maintenance after divorce" concept was introduced as an alimony system for the first time in Taiwan's statutes. Compared to the Japanese Rule era, the normative content of property distribution after divorce became more comprehensive and refined. People's understanding and behavior regarding property distribution after divorce varied in response to these normative changes, while some practices continued from the Qing and Japanese Rule eras. There may also be situations where different concepts of property distribution after divorce coexist or use interactively. Overall, the norms of "Property Distribution after Divorce" changed during different reign periods, while the social practices kept some parts unchanged. The two also interacted with and shaped each other over time. After the transition in law and social change over centuries, the subject who paid the price of ending relationships changed from the wife's family to the husband. The focused property distribution type gradually transferred from "return of dowry" to "Distribution of the remainder of Marital Property" and "alimony." |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/88681 |
DOI: | 10.6342/NTU202301875 |
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顯示於系所單位: | 法律學系 |
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