從政府間談判到公眾外交：日本食品輸台議題下的跨國政治

Abstract

公眾外交能否被用以解決貿易爭端？基於2011年福島核事故後日本食品輸台議題的案例，本文主張日本政府在政府間談判外，更企圖採用公眾外交途徑，解決台灣針對日本食品的非關稅貿易壁壘。根據台灣當地新聞報導、世界貿易組織特定貿易關切討論會議摘要、日本官方機構網站、媒體採訪、以及半結構訪談的初級資料，本文闡述台灣社會的食品安全疑慮，特別是2018年所謂的「反核食公投」，在台灣政府面對日方要求時發揮的作用，並展示日本政府如何透過公眾外交化解台灣民間對福島五縣食品貿易禁令的支持。作為首篇全面檢視此一議題的學術研究，本文不僅縫合國際貿易談判與公眾外交這兩個學術領域，更重新發現公眾外交「資訊傳播」的功能，乃至其處理兩國貿易爭端的潛力。

Can public diplomacy be used to resolve trade disputes? Based on the case of Japanese food exports to Taiwan after the 2011 Fukushima nuclear accident, this thesis argues that, in addition to intergovernmental negotiations, the Japanese government adopted a public-diplomacy approach to resolve the non-tariff trade barriers against the Japanese food imports to Taiwan. According to local news reports in Taiwan, summaries of World Trade Organization (WTO) Specific Trade Concern (STC) discussions, official websites of the Japanese government, media interviews, along with primary data from semi-structural interviews, this thesis elucidates the crucial role played by the food safety concerns in Taiwanese society, especially the so-called “Anti-Nuclear Food Referendum” in 2018, when the Taiwanese government faced demands from Japan. This thesis also shows how the Japanese government mitigated Taiwan’s domestic support for the ban on food trade from the five prefectures affected by the Fukushima incident through public diplomacy. As the first comprehensive academic research on this issue, this thesis not only bridges the fields of international trade negotiations and public diplomacy but also rediscovers the function of “information dissemination” of public diplomacy and its potential to resolve trade disputes between countries.