臺灣科學與科技領域的性別平等政策研究： 以2000年至2022年政策為例

Abstract

本文以臺灣科學與科技領域的的性別平等政策為題，希望藉由相關政策的討論，系統性地梳理相關的政策，並分析這些政策是否有改變臺灣科學與科技域性別關係的能力，最後分析現有政策的不足之處，進而給予臺灣科學與科技領域的性別平等政策更好的建議。本文嘗試找出一個清楚但易於討論的性別平等模式，以Walby（2005）提出的「相同」（sameness）、「相異」（difference）、「轉化」（transformation）三個類型的性別平等理論進行政策概念的分類與作為政策分析的框架。

在臺灣科學與科技領域性別平等政策的類型上，三種性別平等類型的政策都存在，但目前以「相異」（difference）的類型為最多，政策形式多為針對女性學者個人的培育或補助政策。就長遠對性別平等的期待來說，則最多學者認同應以「轉化」（transformation）為最終目標，現階段三個手段彼此的互相搭配使用仍有必要，目前實際在政策推行上也偏向於各類政策搭配使用。本文初步驗證，臺灣科學與科技領域的性別平等有部分改善性別關係的能力，但就整體結構來看，目前的政策強度仍無法改變整個結構，對於女性來說不利的生存環境仍然存在，性別關係仍尚未翻轉。

本文也衍生出更深層次的討論，認為要達成性別關係的轉變，需要考量社會各層面，包含文化、教育、家庭、勞動的影響。本研究雖然是就科學與科技領域的性別平等政策進行討論，但認為整個社會結構的問題仍是不可被忽略的。以臺灣而言，在教育方面，無論是家庭教育或學校教育，仍有許多性別平等觀念需要加強的地方；在勞動方面，科學與科技職場高壓、高工時的環境，使得女性在其中也面臨更大的挑戰，此類勞動權益方面的問題在臺灣更需要被重視。本研究從改變科學與科技領域的性別關係出發，但認為要達成整體性的轉變，需要超出性別層次的問題與考量。

This paper aims to explore gender equality policies in the field of science and technology in Taiwan. Through the discussion of related policies, we hope to systematically sort out the relevant policies and analyze whether these policies have the ability to change gender relations in the field of science and technology in Taiwan, and finally analyze the shortcomings of existing policies in order to give better suggestions on gender equality policies in the field of science and technology in Taiwan. This paper attempts to identify a clear but easy to discuss model of gender equality, using the three types of gender equality theories of sameness, difference, and transformation proposed by Walby (2005) to classify policy concepts and serve as a framework for policy analysis. The framework for policy analysis.

In terms of the types of gender equality policies in Taiwan's science and technology fields, all three types of gender equality policies exist, but the type of "difference" is currently the most common, and the policies are mostly in the form of personal training or subsidy policies for female scholars. In terms of long-term expectations for gender equality, most scholars agree that "transformation" should be the ultimate goal, and it is still necessary to use the three instruments in conjunction with each other at this stage. However, in terms of the overall structure, the current policy intensity is still unable to change the whole structure, the unfavorable living environment for women still exists, and gender relations have not yet been reversed.

This paper also leads to a deeper discussion that in order to achieve changes in gender relations, it is necessary to consider the influence of all aspects of society, including culture, education, family, and labor. Although this study discusses gender equality policies in the fields of science and technology, it argues that the entire social structure cannot be ignored. In Taiwan, there are still many areas that need to be strengthened in terms of gender equality in education, both in family education and school education. This study starts from changing gender relations in science and technology, but it is believed that to achieve overall change, issues and considerations beyond the gender level are needed.