供應鏈端至端整合的分析案例

Abstract

本研究的主題是供應鏈和零售通道整合機制。 本研究旨在提供用於配置鏈內協調機制的結構。 我們專注於兩個關鍵領域：將兩部定價合約構建為供應鏈中的整合機制，並開發流動的端到端供應鏈整合模型。 總體擁有成本、美中貿易戰以及 COVID-19 大流行正在推動全球供應鏈的重大重組，這將很快改變國際經濟和商業。 對於優質農產品，端到端的整合供應鏈已成為一種新的商業模式。 本研究著重於他們的工作方式，明確了它們成長所需的生產和商業條件，並引入了一個基於流程的模型來解釋供應鏈利益相關人間的相互作用。 我們調查了一個優質供應鏈，該供應鏈由一家整合商公司、許多種植香蕉的小農場和許多零售機構組成。 我們使用基於流動的方法連接商業和業務數據，該方法從農民開始，通過整合商、零售商和批發商移動。 我們採用經濟研究解釋利益利害關係人在決策過程中的行為，並與該領域的專家交叉核對研究結果。 合同農業、產能規劃和業務穩健性是我們確定的三個關鍵決策因素。 除了已經提到的用於協調分銷商和供應商之間的聯繫的合約之外，合約通常用於供應鏈中。 然而，最近出現了一種以服務為中心的新經濟； 在這種經濟中，有些情況下變動成本幾乎可以忽略不計。 由於技術進步帶來的變化，必須創建適應現代現實的新合約。 首先，重要的是要考慮適用於數百或數千供應商的合約類型，這些供應商通過在線零售商平台分銷商品，使成千上萬的產品可供使用。 其次，很多合約類型沒有考慮準固定費用。 此類費用建造系統至關重要。 具體來說，如何處理這些準固定成本，將其放在供應商與電商平台關係的背景下考慮，並利用它們促進供應鏈中供應商和分銷商之間的協調。 本論文提出了一種兩部分關稅合約的協調方法，該方法考慮了許多性能標準，包括服務強度。

The main subjects of this study are the supply chain and retail channel integration mechanisms. This study aims to provide structures for configuring intra-chain coordination mechanisms. We focus on two key areas: building two-part tariff contracts as an integration mechanism in the supply chain and developing a flow-based end-to-end supply chain integration model. The overall cost of ownership, US-China commerce and technological competition, and the COVID-19 pandemic are driving a significant restructuring of global supply chains that will soon alter the economy and business internationally. For premium agri-food goods, end-to-end integrated supply chains have become a new business model. This study looks at how they work, pinpoints the production and business conditions required for their growth, and introduces a flow-based model to explain the interactions between supply chain stakeholders. We investigate a premium supply chain that consists of a single integrator company, many small farms that grow bananas, and many retail establishments. We connect business and industry data using a flow-based approach that starts with farmers and moves via integrators, retailers, and wholesalers. We employ economic research to shed light on the stakeholders' conduct in making decisions and cross-check the findings with an expert in the field. Contract farming, capacity planning, and business robustness are the three key decision factors that we have identified. Contracts are typically used in supply chains in addition to those already mentioned to coordinate the connections between distributors and suppliers. However, a new economy focused on services has recently evolved; in this economy, there are some circumstances where the variable cost is virtually negligible. New contracts must be created that adapt to modern realities because of the changes brought on by technological advancement. First, it's important to think about the kind of contract that works for hundreds or thousands of suppliers who distribute their goods via an online retailer platform, making thousands or millions of products accessible. Second, a lot of contract types do not take quasi-fixed expenses into account. Therefore, it is crucial to create systems for this kind of expense. Specifically, how to handle these quasi-fixed costs, consider them in the context of the supplier's relationship with the e-commerce platform, and use them to facilitate coordination between suppliers and distributors in a supply chain. A coordination method for two-part tariff contracts is suggested in this dissertation that considers a number of performance criteria, including service intensity.