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Title: | 論仇恨言論之刑法管制 Criminalization of Hate Speech |
Authors: | 黃眹瑋 Zhen-wei Huang |
Advisor: | 薛智仁 Chih-Jen Hsueh |
Keyword: | 仇恨言論,言語行為理論,親少數族群犯罪化政策,人性尊嚴,公眾安寧,適性犯, hate speech,speech act theory,pro-minority criminalization,human dignity,public peace,aptitude offenses, |
Publication Year : | 2023 |
Degree: | 碩士 |
Abstract: | 本文對仇恨言論管制議題的各個面向進行全面且深入的探討,目的在於釐清仇恨言論入罪化之正當性與必要性,並提出適當的立法建議,作為我國未來的立法參考。首先,就仇恨言論的概念,本文認為應該承認仇恨言論概念的含糊性,以因應不同類型的仇恨言論為不同處置,故仇恨言論之一般性定義,應理解為:「基於種族、膚色、血統、民族、年齡、殘疾,語言、宗教、信仰、性別、性別認同、性取向和其他個人特徵或地位,以(1)任何形式鼓吹、促進或煽動對上述群體或成員的詆毀、仇恨或中傷;以及(2)以任何形式對上述群體或成員進行騷擾、侮辱、負面刻板印象、污名化或威脅之表達;和(3)為上述所有類型的言論辯護,以及(4)公開否認、淡化、辯解或寬恕已被法院認定發生的滅絕種族罪、危害人類罪或戰爭罪,以及美化因犯下這些罪行而被定罪的人」。至於刑法上的仇恨言論概念,必須基於目的導向式的理解,聚焦在可能造成傷害的仇恨言論類型上。
其次,就我國是否有增訂仇恨言論刑法必要性之爭論,本文指出仇恨言論可能對群體和個人造成傷害,故仇恨言論入罪化具正當性。同時,我國現行刑法管制不夠完善,似乎具有入罪化之必要。然而,在權衡入罪化的利弊後,本文認為我國現階段不需要增訂仇恨言論刑法,而是透過非管制的手段來對抗仇恨言論,較為妥適。 然而,若我國未來需要增訂仇恨言論刑法,在借鏡德國刑法規範後,本文認為,應以公眾安寧概念作為保護法益,並採取適性犯的犯罪類型。最後,參酌各國立法例之構成要件設計,本文認為,原則上應可將仇恨言論之基礎條文訂為:「針對民族、種族、性別、性傾向所劃定之群體或其他群體,為以下行為之一,足以破壞公眾安寧者,處…:1. 煽惑採取暴力行為或恣意舉動者。2. 侮辱或誹謗群體之言論者」。 This thesis provides a comprehensive and in-depth discussion on various aspects of hate speech regulation. The purpose of this these is to clarify the legitimacy and necessity of criminalizing hate speech, and to propose proper legislative recommendations as a reference for future legislation in Taiwan. Firstly, regarding the concept of hate speech, this thesis acknowledges the equivocality of the concept and argues for multidimensional approach to tackling the problem of hate speech. Therefore, a relatively broad definition of hate speech is proposed, which includes “advocacy, promotion or incitement, in any form, of the denigration, hatred or vilification of a person or group of persons, as well as any harassment, insult, negative stereotyping, stigmatization or threat in respect of such a person or group of persons and the justification of all the preceding types of expression, on the ground of race, colour, descent, national or ethnic origin, age, disability, language, religion or belief, sex, gender, gender identity, sexual orientation and other personal characteristics or status; Recognising that hate speech may take the form of the public denial, trivialisation, justification or condonation of crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity or war crimes which have been found by courts to have occurred, and of the glorification of persons convicted for having committed such crimes”. As for the concept of hate speech in criminal law, it must be based on a teleological understanding, focusing on hate speech types that may cause harm. Secondly, regarding the debate on whether there is a need to legislate against hate speech in Taiwan, this thesis argues that hate speech can cause harm to groups and individuals, thus justifying its criminalization. Furthermore, the existing criminal law in Taiwan is insufficient in regulating hate speech and appears to require criminalization. However, after weighing the pros and cons of criminalization, this thesis concludes that, at the current stage, there is no need to legislate against hate speech in Taiwan and that non-regulatory approaches are more appropriate in combating hate speech. If there is a future need to legislate against hate speech in Taiwan, drawing insights from the German criminal law, this thesis proposes using the concept of “public peace” as the protected interest and adopting an “aptitude offenses” approach. Finally, considering the elements of legislation in various countries, the thesis suggests that the fundamental provision should be formulated as follows: ‘Who, in a manner capable of disturbing the public peace, 1. incites violent or arbitrary measures against them; or 2. insulting, or defaming segments of the population, will be punished with …’. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/87991 |
DOI: | 10.6342/NTU202301321 |
Fulltext Rights: | 同意授權(限校園內公開) |
Appears in Collections: | 法律學系 |
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ntu-111-2.pdf Access limited in NTU ip range | 3 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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