民進黨主席集權化之分析：以地方選舉提名條例為例

Abstract

民進黨自2010年五都市長選舉後，在縣市長的提名上採取全民調的方式進行初選，此後在各級選舉中，全民調成為民進黨決定縣市長候選人的重要依據。但自2010年地方選舉至今，民進黨在歷次地方選舉都使用《特別條例》進行提名，而非依照黨內既有的《公職候選人提名條例》，且提名方式逐漸從全民調，變成由黨主席提名、中執會通過的模式，黨主席在決定提名人選的權力有集中化的趨勢。

由於台灣的執政黨長期具有「政黨總統化」的趨勢，雖然蔡總統在2020年連任後，理論上在黨內的權力應該會逐漸縮小，但因2020年至2022年期間遇到新冠疫情，加上這段期間多次選舉結果對民進黨有利，是否就讓蔡總統的提名決定權擴大？本研究透過文獻分析與深度訪談的方式，發現民進黨制定《特別條例》主要的原因是派系互動產生的結果，而蔡英文擔任黨主席期間，其權力比起其他黨主席還要大，如掌握不分區立委提名、降低初選頻率，縣市長提名現任優先等，在掌握立法、行政權下，派系也不會對蔡英文高度掌握提名權有改變決策的能力。

需要注意的是，黨內外對蔡總統集權的看法不一，黨內強調決策過程，而黨外則注重政黨初選的廣含性，因此不能完全類推初選減少就是「黨內民主」的程度下降，但確實有彰顯我國「政黨總統化」的趨勢。

This thesis delves into the examination of the adjustment of the selection method of the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) in local elections, with a particular focus on the period since 2010. During this time, the DPP has implemented the poll as the primary means of selecting candidates in local elections. However, it is observed that the DPP has consistently customized the selection method for each local election since 2010, deviating from the original selection method. Notably, the process of selecting mayoral candidates has become increasingly centralized, relying heavily on negotiations and appointments. This centralization of power within the DPP is exemplified by the growing authority of Tsai Ing-Wen, the party's chairperson.

In Taiwan, the ruling party has witnessed a trend of party presidentialization, wherein the chairperson acquires greater power within the party. Since 2020, the global community has been grappling with the Covid-19 pandemic, and the DPP has capitalized on various elections held during this period. This thesis posits that the chairperson of the DPP, building upon the foundations of party presidentialization, has further enhanced their influence as a result of the pandemic and the subsequent electoral activities.

Research findings highlight the concentration of power in the DPP's chairperson during Tsai Ing-Wen's tenure. This centralization encompasses aspects such as the nomination of legislators-at-large, a reduction in the frequency of primary elections, and the implementation of specific rules that exclude qualified candidates from participating in primary elections. The adjustment of the customized selection method is an outcome of the interplay between different factions within the DPP, although these factions are themselves constrained by the overarching influence of party presidentialization.

Furthermore, research reveals that the concept of "intra-party democracy" within the DPP is divided into two main approaches. The first approach emphasizes the procedural aspects of decision-making, while the second places greater emphasis on the inclusiveness of primary elections.