從商業生態系統角度看半導體廠商永續策略 ─ 以台積電為例

Abstract

近年來永續議題逐漸為全球所重視，歐盟在2022年通過《碳邊境調整機制》，美國《清潔競爭法案》於2023年4月通過二讀，各國也紛紛響應，制定碳費與碳稅相關政策，在這樣的趨勢之下，全球產業的競爭環境也將有所改變，其中對於外部性較大的產業來說，永續行動更是刻不容緩。 半導體產業在過去幾年總產值屢創新高，其應用極廣，與各個產業皆密切攸關，對於人類科技的發展更是至關重要，然而同時也被認為其生產過程，尤其是產業鏈中晶圓製造一環，具有高的負面外部性。因此本研究聚焦於半導體晶圓製造廠，並以其中市佔最大，且ESG表現出色的台積電作為個案研究公司，探討其如何在追求企業規模與技術進步的同時，維持良好的永續競爭力，甚至引領整個產業走向永續。 本研究透過價值鏈架構，跨越個案研究公司的三個永續時期，觀察到其擴張本業生態系統價值，建立ESG商業生態系統，並在其中扮演協調者的角色。也是透過ESG商業生態系統的打造，與供應商、客戶、客戶共同合作夥伴、政府單位等利害關係人相繼建立起密切的永續合作關係，共同促進整體產業的永續發展。 而在建立生態系統、推動ESG的過程中，必須具有相應的核心能力。本研究也進一步探討台積電如何運用其核心能力，使其ESG商業生態系統能夠協調一致，並在其中扮演適當的角色。

In recent years, sustainability issues have been increasingly valued worldwide. The European Union passed the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism in 2022, and the United States approved Clean Competition Act in April 2023 after the second reading. Countries around the world have also responded by implementing related to carbon fees and carbon taxes policies. In this trend, the competitive environment of global industries is expected to undergo changes. For all industries, especially the ones with significant externalities, taking sustainable actions becomes a critical issue. The semiconductor industry has achieved remarkable growth in total output value these years. It has extensive applications and is closely linked to various industries. Thus, plays a crucial role in the development of human technology. However, its production process, particularly the wafer manufacturing phase in the industry chain, is considered to have significant negative externalities. Therefore, this study focuses on semiconductor wafer manufacturing companies, with Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC), which has the largest market share and outstanding ESG performance, as the case study. The study aims to explore how TSMC maintains a strong sustainable competitiveness while pursuing corporate growth and technological advancement, and even leads the entire industry towards sustainability. Implementing value chain framework, this study examines three sustainable periods of the case study company and observes that it expand the ecosystem value of the core business and established an ESG business ecosystem, playing the role of coordinator. Through the development of the ESG business ecosystem, TSMC has established partnerships with stakeholders such as suppliers, customers, strategic partners, government agencies, and so on. Promotes the overall sustainable development of the industry. The process of establishing the ecosystem and promoting ESG requires corresponding core capabilities. This study further explores how TSMC utilizes its core capabilities to achieve consistency and play appropriate roles within its ESG business ecosystem.