台灣企業研發活動與專利產出：電子產業上市上櫃公司的驗證

Abstract

我國研發經費逐年成長，尤其以企業部門研發投入比重為最大，當中又以電子產業研發經費為各行業別最高，其研發的成果藉由取得專利權保護研發技術，提升競爭力優勢。本文以企業研發活動投入探討影響專利權數產出因素。 本文以電子產業上市上櫃公司資料為研究對象，選取819家公司為樣本，研究期間為2003年至2021年。實證結果發現，企業研發活動當期研發經費對於台灣專利權數的產出具有顯著及正向影響，研發經費落後期數對台灣及美國專利權數產出皆有顯著及正向影響。研發外溢效果對於台灣以及美國專利權數產出具有顯著影響，可驗證研發外溢效果對於提升整體產業技術能力獲取專利權數有一定程度的影響。半導體產業與專利權數呈現顯著且負向關係，亦即非半導體產業專利權數，反較多，其創新與技術不亞於半導體產業，台灣電子產業技術發展是全面的。研發補助政策部分，產業創新條例實施期間2011年至2016年對於企業進行研發活動產出台灣的專利權數有顯著及正向的影響，代表政府補助企業創新活動提升技術能力取得專利權其政策效果有顯著的效果。

The research and development budget of Taiwan has been increasing year by year, especially in the Business Enterprise sector where the proportion of R&D investment is the highest. Among all industries, the electronic sector has the highest R&D funding, and its achievements are protected by patents to maintain profitability. This article explores the factors affecting the output of patents by examining the investment in business R&D activities.We use the Taiwan Economic Journal database listed on OTC Company in the electronic industry and selects 819 companies as samples from 2003 to 2021. The empirical results show that the R&D expenses in the current period have a significant and positive impact on the production of Taiwan's patents, while the lagged R&D expenses have a significant and positive impact on the production of both Taiwan and US patents. The spillover effect of R&D has a significant impact on the production of patents in both Taiwan and the US, indicating that the spillover effect of R&D plays a certain role in improving the overall industry's technological capabilities and obtaining patent rights. The semiconductor industry shows a significant and negative correlation with the number of patent rights. The results show that non-semiconductor industry firms have more patent output than semiconductor industry. Thus, the technology orientation of electronics firms is strongly developed.In terms of R&D subsidy policies, the implementation of the Industrial Innovation Act from 2011 to 2016 had a significant and positive impact on the production of Taiwan's patent rights for companies engaged in R&D activities. This represents a significant policy effect of the government's subsidy for corporate innovation activities to improve technological capabilities and obtain patent rights.