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標題: | 時尚設計之著作權保護-以我國與美國法之比較為中心 Copyright Protection for Fashion Designs: A Comparative Study on the Laws of Taiwan and the U.S. |
作者: | 呂峻宇 Chun-Yu Leu |
指導教授: | 李素華 Su-Hua Lee |
關鍵字: | 著作權,時尚產業,時尚設計,保護範圍,原創性,保護程度,實質禁似, Copyright,Fashion Industry,Fashion Design,Scope of Protection,Originality,Thickness of Protection,Substantial Similarity, |
出版年 : | 2023 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 時尚設計除能展現設計師之創意,亦能體現不同時代之潮流與精神。惟因時尚界中抄襲與仿冒屢見不鮮,不成熟之智慧財產權保護制度將對產業造成傷害,尤以權利取得毋需登記之著作權而言,制度發展始終遭遇許多挑戰。
「時尚設計之著作權保護」議題中,著作權「保護範圍」與「原創性」之認定為其核心爭議,蓋二者具決定一作品是否享著作權之關鍵地位,惟我國學說與實務之相關討論尚屬貧乏;故本文自我國時尚產業特色、結構及著作權法對產業發展重要性之分析,建構我國以著作權保障時尚設計之必要,並主張法律制度之建立應將時尚產業「產品生命週期短、公領域元素多、習於參考與模仿」之特性納入考量,以符合時尚設計「透過差異產生收益」之本質。 美國法固然有其待改進之處,我國時尚產業與著作權發展之背景亦有自身特色,惟隨著全球化及科技進步,我國時尚產業與法律制度之發展將與世界更加緊密;我國著作權法之要件與判斷標準既多來自美國,以美國法為參考對象有其價值。 經比較與反思我國包款、服裝、飾品,以及皮件類商品之經典訴訟案件及其相關學說,本文採取「美術作品定性不必要」之立場,於「時尚設計之著作權保護範圍」提出我國應明確化「排除功能性元素保護」之法理、「可分離性之認定步驟」與「款式之雙重面向」等建議;針對「時尚設計之原創性」,除論述我國實務上「抄襲」用詞不妥之處,亦說明「創作性」認定上「可資區別標準」之操作方式,以及「思想表達二分原則」於我國法中之定位;美國實務固然同與我國少有對產業特性之說明,惟「創作性與保護程度、實質近似連動」之侵權認定模式為我國實務所明顯缺少者,基於法律要件本非完全獨立而常相互影響,將其引進有助於法院面對時尚設計案件時,避免機械、僵化地適用法律,建立一更明確之侵權判斷流程。 至於設計專利於時尚設計中所扮演之角色、是否修正我國著作權法,以及何種行為應落入「著作權濫用」之範疇,皆為未來值得深入探討之議題。本文之最終目的為試圖從法律觀點提升時尚設計師之保障,同時避免特定設計元素之壟斷,使我國時尚產業能繼續成長茁壯,邁向「時尚法」之新紀元。 Fashion designs not only showcase creativity of designers, but also reflect trends and zeitgeist of different eras.Nevertheless, immature IP legal systems can lead to rampant plagiarism and in turn harm the fashion industry. Especially in terms of copyright protection, where the acquisition of rights does not require registration, legal and industrial development have always faced challenges. While the scope of protection and the originality requirement both play a key role in deciding whether a work is eligible for copyright protection, fashion design cases are rarely discussed in Taiwan’s legal community. Therefore, this thesis establishes the necessity of providing copyright protection for fashion designs in Taiwan from an industrial perspective, and emphasizes the importance of considering properties of the fashion industry when interpreting the law. To be precise, characteristics such as short product life cycles, high proportions of public domain elements within designs, and designers’ tendencies to reference and imitate should be taken into account in order to meet the nature of the fashion industry, where “difference generates revenue”. Although both U.S. and Taiwan laws bear their own uniqueness and unsolved issues, with globalization and technological advancements, Taiwan's fashion industry and legal systems will be increasingly connected with the world. Since legal requirements and standards of Taiwan’s copyright law are mainly derived from those of the U.S., a comparative study on the laws of Taiwan and the United States is of value. After an analysis and introspection on classic domestic litigation cases involving bags, clothing, jewelry, leather goods and their relevant theories, this thesis proposes the needlessness of classifying artistic works in Taiwan, points out the ambiguities of jurisprudence in court rulings with regard to excluding functional elements, as well as offers suggestions such as “steps to determine separability”, and the “dual aspects of style” when dealing with the scope of copyright protection for fashion designs. As to originality, this thesis not only notes the inappropriateness of the term “copy” in legal writing, but also explains how to correctly apply the “distinguishable variation approach” of the creativity requirement to fashion design cases, and the positioning of the “idea-expression dichotomy” in Taiwan’s copyright law. Moreover, the linkage between “creativity, thickness of protection, and substantial similarity” is notably lacking in current judicial practices in Taiwan, since legal requirements should be perceived comprehensively, this thesis suggests that introducing this linkage would aid courts in facing fashion design cases by establishing a better module for determining infringement. As for the role of design patents when protecting fashion designs, whether amendments should be made to Taiwan’s copyright law, and what behaviors should fall into the category of “copyright misuse”, are all topics that are worth being further explored. The ultimate goal of this thesis is to promote protection for fashion designers from a legal standpoint while avoiding monopolies on specific design elements, thereby allowing the fashion industry to flourish and mark the beginning of a new era in fashion law. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/87752 |
DOI: | 10.6342/NTU202300744 |
全文授權: | 未授權 |
顯示於系所單位: | 法律學系 |
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