農產業科技創新技術的研發人才類型與績效表現分析

Abstract

因應人口糧食需求及農產業勞動力問題，各國紛紛投入農產業科技創新技術的發展行列，然其所需技術內容，已超出傳統農產業的範疇。因此好奇新興的農產業科技創新技術其人才來源。本研究目的試圖回應：（一）2001年至2021年間，人才投入農產業科技創新技術領域的分布趨勢。（二）不同農產業科技創新技術領域，其跨界人才類型的績效差異。（三）探究非明星人才與明星人才合作對非明星人才的績效影響。本研究透過JPO機構的農產業科技創新技術檢索條件，於USPTO進行檢索，梳理出農產業科技創新技術領域專利共7900筆，農產業科技創新技術人才所屬專利16861筆。並依照人才過往的發明性質，劃分為六種類型：農技術應用人才、農技術創新人才、非農技術延伸應用人才、非農技術激發創新人才、A01新進者，與非A01新進者。進一步探討不同人才類型，在農產業科技創新領域的影響。根據研究結果，可知自2013年後，人才投入農產業科技創新技術領域分布，皆呈現正成長，以非農技術激發創新人才為主要的投入類型。此外，本研究發現當人才自身技術與農產業關聯性越弱，人才在農產業科技創新技術領域會有更佳的表現，以及當非明星人才與明星人才合作時，會提升非明星人才在領域的績效表現。建議未來的農產業科技創新技術發展，從與農產業差異較大的技術領域，尋找人才投入，或領域人才與明星人才合作，以擴大明星人才的影響效益，進而協助農產業科技創新技術發展。

Nations have incorporated innovative agri-technologies in response to population food demand and workforce issues in the agricultural industry. However, many advanced techniques have exceeded the scope of the traditional agricultural sector. So, where do the talents that support agri-tech's development come from? The current thesis aims to undercover (1) The distribution of talents in innovative agri-tech fields from 2001 to 2021 (2) The performance of various talent types in different agri-tech fields; (3) Whether non-star talents cooperating with star talents can improve non-star talent performance. We used JPO documents to define innovative agri-technologies and search for USPTO patent documents. 7,900 patents and 16,861 inventors from innovative agri-tech fields are sorted. Furthermore, the inventors can be divided into six types based on their past inventions: agri-application talents, agri-innovation talents, non-agricultural extended application talents, non-agricultural radical innovation talents, A01 new entrants, and non-A01 new entrants. We explored the impact of different talent types in seven innovative agri-tech fields. According to the results, since 2013, the distribution of talents has shown positive growth, with non-agricultural radical innovation talents as the primary input type. Furthermore, the talent performs better when the correlation between the talent's techniques and the agricultural industry is weaker. Besides, as non-star talents cooperate with star talents, their performances will be enhanced. As a result, those developing innovative agri-technologies should look for talents in industries other than agriculture, and non-star talents cooperating with star talents could expand the influence of star talents to benefit the development of innovative agri-technologies.