臺灣文學中的拆／迫遷議題——2010年以後

Abstract

本文探討自2012年左右台灣小說中拆／迫遷議題相關書寫突起驟增的現象及其社會背景，並進一步分析該類小說的特質。此書寫之風除了源自2010年代初為反迫遷運動受到社會較大矚目的關鍵時期之外，亦與整體社會運動抗爭網絡密度、群眾參與者顯著的上升趨勢有關。民眾在此時期愈來愈往監督國家的角色邁步，並透過多樣的抗爭開始具體對政府與財團的決策產生影響力，該抵抗意識，亦為拆／迫遷小說敘事的一大特徵。除了此受到拆／迫遷議題之啟蒙而有的高度拆／迫遷議題性書寫外，拆／迫遷書寫還有另一類型，其表面看似與拆／迫遷無關，且有無法確知其書寫之啟動是因「拆遷」或「迫遷」之特性。然而若深究其書寫啟動之因與敘寫，可發現該書寫實然可謂為對於現代化過程的回應，吳明益《天橋上的魔術師》即為顯例。

全文將以三個部分進行論析：一、重探吳明益《天橋上的魔術師》：短篇小說集《天橋上的魔術師》過往僅被論者視為一部緬懷中華商場的作品。然而，若回溯作者初期作品如〈拆〉與它作中對於商場的不斷複寫，並檢視過往該作相關研究論述於拆迫遷抗爭背景的匱缺，可知重探本作的重要性。本文將以書寫者為現代化過程中「拆／迫遷」的經驗者為取徑，重新檢視並剖析其敘事，聚焦分析小說中對於現代性創傷之敘寫。二、分析拆／迫遷小說中反迫遷運動角色的再現：我將探究謝鑫佑、臥斧、陳育萱、江佩津、陳又津等作家的作品，並借助理論探究反迫遷運動與小說再現所呈現的質性，以此重視受弱主體在政經權力壓迫下的抵抗意志。三、懸疑／魔幻寫實拆／迫遷小說分析：該部分首要剖析臥斧與陳育萱的拆／迫遷小說敘事特質。前者的懸疑敘事，乃與現實中拆／迫遷事件中的意外、火警，甚至死亡有關；後者所含帶的魔幻寫實敘事特質，除乘載了再現官方與財團之於拆／迫遷處置上的荒謬性，亦提供重探反迫遷運動中抵抗意志的重要機能。

This thesis examines the sudden increase in writing about demolition/forced eviction issues in Taiwan novels since 2012 by analyzing three aspects of this type of novels: modernity, resistance, and absurdity of power. Emerging during the early 2010s, a critical period when the anti-eviction movement received great social attention, the demolition issues in Taiwan literature was also related to the increasing density of the overall social movement resistance network and the significant increase in mass participation. During this time, more and more people started participating in supervising the government and began to intervene the decisions made by the government through various protests. It was against this historical background, the demolition issues in Taiwan literature critically developed and embodied their significance.

The first part of this thesis explored Wu Ming-Yi’s novel The Magician on the Skywalk. Frequently considered as a work that expresses the author’s nostalgia toward Zhunghua Shopping Yard, this novel actually embodies the way in which the author delineates his experiences of demolition and forced eviction and proposes an activist response to modernity/modernization. The second part focuses on the representations of anti-eviction movements in other novels themed with demolition and forced eviction, including works by Hsieh Ron, Hsu Wolf, Chen Yu-Chi, Chen Yu-Xuan and other authors. Discussing the formation and presentation of anti-eviction movements resistance under the political and economic oppression, this part illustrates the characteristics of the anti-eviction movement and demolition and forced eviction novels. The third part discusses suspense/magical realistic demolition/forced eviction novels, analyzing the demolition/forced eviction novels by Hsu Wolf and Chen Yu-Xuan. The former's suspenseful narrative is related to the accidents, fire disasters, and even deaths in the demolition and forced evictions in reality, the latter's magical realistic narrative not only represents the absurdity of the official governments in demolition and forced evictions, but also provides an important function to rehear the will of resistances in the anti-eviction movement.