親自然經驗與利環境行為：城鄉差異

Abstract

極端氣候帶來的環境變化一再地提醒我們必須正視人類與自然環境失衡的互動關係。有別於過往研究大多探討. 民眾的人口特徵、環境態度及價值觀如何影響個人從事利環境行為，本研究試圖了解臺灣民眾的親自然經驗是否與利環境行為有正向關聯，以回應近年來國際社會對於維護自然生態系統的重視。運用2020年「臺灣社會變遷基本調查計畫」第八期第一次環境組的問卷資料，本研究首先描繪臺灣民眾的利環境行為類型，接著探討民眾的親自然經驗頻率與利環境行為的關聯，最後進一步釐清民眾居住地的都市化程度與城鄉差異是否對其關聯造成影響而呈現不同的利環境行為樣貌。

藉由因素分析，本研究建置臺灣民眾在「社區維護」、「飲食減塑」、「社會運動」、「資源友善」等四種利環境行為量表，並透過集群分析將臺灣民眾的利環境區分為「個人環保」（43%）、「社區環保」（11%）、「環保運動」（14%）、「不回收自利」（14%）與「不減塑自利」（18%）等五種行為類型。隨後考量民眾的人口特徵、環境態度、價值觀、城鄉居住地差異進行多類別邏輯迴歸，結果發現，民眾的親自然經驗確實與其利環境行為有關。與「不回收自利型」的民眾相比，親自然經驗的頻率越高，分別有高於50%、40%和25%的機率分別屬於「環保運動型」、「社區環保型」及「個人環保型」。由居住地的差異可發現，居住於都市化程度較低的民眾有較高機率屬於「社區環保型」的民眾，反之則為「環保運動型」。綜言之，無論居住於城市或鄉村，臺灣民眾擁有越高頻率的親自然經驗，從事利環境行為的機率也越高，而本研究更近一步發現這兩者間的關係仍有城鄉差異，不同都市化程度的民眾，則可能表現出不同面貌的利環境行為。

In recent times, more and more extreme weather events have occurred. Therefore, individual pro-environmental behavior plays a key role in reducing vulnerability to climate change. Most of the studies about pro-environmental behavior focus on individual demography characteristics, environmental attitudes and values. In order to respond to the concern of the ecosystem degradation, this study draws on data from the Survey of Taiwan Social Change in 2020 by Survey Research Center of Academia Sinica investigating the relationship between individual natural experience and pro-environmental behavior.

First, an exploratory factor analysis helps explore four latent factors of Taiwanese pro-environmental behaviors: social movement, waste reduction, disposable-utensils reduction and community-based environmental protection. Further cluster analyses on factor indexes identifies the typology of pro-environmental behaviors includes: individual pro-environmental behavior (43%), community-based pro-environmental behavior (11%), public pro-environmental behavior (14%), environmental behavior of non-recycling (14%) and environmental behavior of disposable-utensils using (18%). Last, take the individual demography characteristics, environmental attitudes and values in consideration, regression analyses reveal that the association between individual pro-environmental behaviors and natural experiences. Compared with the people who have environmental behavior of non-recycling, the more natural experiences the people own, the more chances the people belong to the type of public pro-environmental behavior (50%), community-based pro-environmental behavior (40%) and individual pro-environmental behavior (25%). That is to say, urban and rural residents’ natural experience are both associated with their pro-environmental behavior. In terms of urban-rural differences in pro-environmental behavior, this study reveals that urban residents tend to belong to the type of public pro-environmental behavior. Most of the members in the type of community-based pro-environmental behavior are consisted of rural residents. In general, people’s pro-environmental behavior is associated with their natural experiences. There is an urban-rural difference in the residents’ pro-environmental behavior.