從組織雇員到獨立記者：三位新聞工作者的專業意理形塑與實踐

Abstract

除了在主流媒體工作，新聞工作者的記者生涯是否還有其他選擇？本研究在這樣的提問下展開，探討從主流媒體出走的記者，如何以自由新聞工作者的身分，繼續實踐其新聞理念。並且，他們又是用何種方式支撐採訪所需，在理想和現實中取得平衡。 是故，本文提出兩大研究問題，第一、這些選擇離開媒體、從事獨立報導的新聞工作者，他們抱持的專業意理如何形成與轉變。第二、離開媒體後，他們的維生方式與勞動樣貌為何？ 結果發現，三位自由新聞工作者受到過去採訪經歷與個人理念的影響，皆抱持參與者意理。離開媒體後，他們為公民媒體寫稿、透過部落格發表新聞，繼續實踐其新聞理念。另一方面，本文也發現三位受訪記者分別透過搬家、接案，和寫書來賺錢維生，並且以組合式工作的形式維持其自僱生涯；但尋找工作機會時仰賴技藝、聲譽資本，同時收入狀況也不夠穩定。 最後，由於本研究採用生命史研究途徑與敘事研究方法，透過受訪者的自我敘說，能夠進一步理解專業意理分類背後，記者個人的理念選擇與自身職涯發展的關係，從而探究出參與者意理的實踐現況。本研究也欲藉此開闢傳播者研究的新途徑，研究結果提出集體組織與部落格營利的未來建議，亦作為自由新聞工作者維生規畫的參考。

Do journalists have other choices than working in mainstream media?The main focus of this thesis is to examine how reporters, after leaving mainstream media, continue to practice their profession in the new role of freelance journalist. This study attempts to address the following research questions. First, what are the professional ideologies of freelance journalists? Second, how do freelance journalists make a living after leaving mainstream media and become self-employed? What is their labor process as an independent journalist? According to the study, all three freelance journalists, influenced by their career experiences and journalistic ideals, are all participant advocates. By publishing news in civic media and on personal blogs, they continue to realize their journalistic ideals. In the process of pursuing their goals, they rely on their professional reputations to obtain job opportunities, earning small, unsteady income from writing books and publishing news articles. The thesis explored the professional ideologies and practices of journalists using the life history and narrative research approaches. The thesis seeks to make contribution to the communication studies by offering a nuance picture of independent media workers and the future of media.