里山里海社會價值評估—以屏東枋寮為例

Abstract

日本的里山倡議提倡自然資源永續利用與管理，並以人與自然和諧共存作為核心目標，以利現今與未來的人類福祉。目前台灣在國際里山倡議夥伴關係網絡登錄有21個案例，相當豐富。本研究透過量化方式來評估生態系統服務中的文化服務與社會價值。本研究以枋寮鄉為例，利用問卷收集資料，採取SolVES模式分析7項社會價值及其空間分布，並比較山線-海線、農民-漁民的社會價值差異。結果發現，受訪者指認的點位多在枋寮行政中心及枋寮漁港周邊，顯示社會價值聚集在枋寮行政中心附近。受訪者認為美學和遊憩價值較為重要，其分布的區位與果園及道路的距離有關。以不同群體之社會價值來看，本研究發現農民認為美學價值較高的點位分布較廣，包括浸水營古道、地利社區等；漁民認知較高的點位分布較偏海線地區；遊憩價值中，海線居民點位分布較廣，包括枋寮漁港、新龍社區等，山線居民點位分布較偏行政中心；教育學習價值農民點位分布亦較廣，包括浸水營古道、地利社區等，漁民點位分布較屬海線地區；歷史文化價值在四個群體之間別無明顯差異，主要分布在東海社區、大庄社區等；精神宗教價值方面，山線漁民的點位位置分布在保安宮、媽祖廟等，其他三個群體之間並無明顯差異；生態保育價值點位坐落於紅樹林，且在各群體之間並無明顯差異；而人類生存價值分布較廣，但在各群體之間無明顯差異，主要位於受訪者的自家果園與魚塭。

Japan's Satoyama Initiative advocates sustainable use and management of natural resources, with the core goal of harmonious coexistence between people and nature for the present and future well-being of people. Taiwan has recently registered 21 cases in the IPSI, which is quite abundant. This study utilizes a quantitative approach to assess social value of cultural services in ecosystem services. By examining Fangliao Township, this study collects data through questionnaires and adopts the SolVES model to analyze 7 social values and their spatial distribution, and then compares the differences in social values between mountain-line and sea-line areas, and between farmers and fishermen. The results showed that the points identified by the respondents were mostly around the Fangliao administrative center and the Fangliao fishery port, indicating that social values were concentrated near the Fangliao administrative center. Respondents believed that aesthetics and recreational values were more important, and their locations were related to the distance from orchards and roads. From the perspective of the social value of different groups, this study found that points with higher aesthetic value are widely distributed by farmers, including Shenshuiying Ancient Road, Dili Community; points with higher perception by fishermen are more distributed than sea-line area; recreational value among them, the residential sites on the sea-line are widely distributed, including Fangliao Fishery Port, Xinlong Community, etc., while the residential sites on the mountain-line are more distributed in the administrative center; the distribution of farmers with educational and learning value is also wider, including Shenshuiying Ancient Road, Dili Community, etc. , the distribution of fishermen is more in the sea-line area; there is no significant difference in historical and cultural value among the four groups, mainly distributed in Donghai community, Dazhuang community, etc.; in terms of spiritual and religious value, the location of mountain-line fishermen is distributed in Baoan Temple, Mazu Temple, etc., there is no significant difference between the other three groups. Identified points of ecological conservation value are located in mangroves, and there is no difference between groups; and human survival value is widely distributed, but in each group There was no significant difference between them, mainly located in the respondents' own orchards and fish farms.