《莊子》情感論中的價值體系

Abstract

本論文將從三個方向探討《莊子》情感論中的價值體系：一，從個體角度出發，指出情感對於個體不僅僅只是狀態的描述，同時也能推動個體進行修養轉變，由此情感之於個體來說，不但是修養轉變的依據與判准，同時也是修養轉變的動力。二，從人我關係出發，筆者將指出，人我關係中有不同的情感互 動，並且有價值上的區分。對於《莊子》來說，理想的人我互動缺少不了情感上的和諧，這又有賴人與人之間的平等尊重。而平等尊重之所以能發揮功能，有賴於人我之間相互承認的態度。第三，從社會角度出發，天下大亂的緣故，同樣脫離不了情感因素，而理想社會同時也涉及情感向度，不僅僅是社會的和諧氛圍，還包含社會如何接納與自我不同的他者，甚至是站在大化流行之下，安頓每個族群、每個人。而從不理想社會過渡至理想社會的社會更新，也需要情感作為推動力，此外，理想社會的完成，統治者如何管理社會，也是必須納入考量的，一個理想的統治關係，涉及到統治者自身的心境修養，以及如何讓人民感到安適。

This thesis aims to analyze the value system from an emotional viewpoint in the Zhuangzi. I shall deal with this argument through three approaches: Subject, Interaction, and Society. From my standpoint, emotion is not only the subjective status but also the motivation that prompts people to adjust their judgements. On the other hand, people have variously emotional interactions which have different evaluations in the Zhuangzi. The ideal interaction depends on the emotional harmony that needs respect and equality, and the key link in respect and equality is mutual recognition. Moreover, the reason for social unrest also includes the emotional aspect, so if we want to transfer our society into a harmonious state, we must contain the people who are different from us. The differences are not only from standpoints but also from various fates or life stages. Finally, the achievement of a harmonious society should renovate the value judgements which involve emotional motivation, and the ruler also needs to consider the feeling of people.