公民科學計畫引進數位平台的過程與影響-以無尾港溼地鳥類調查為例

Abstract

數位平台是公民科學計畫處理與管理資料、及招募與維繫志工參與的重要工具，近年網際網路與智慧型手機等3C產品蓬勃發展與普遍使用，其角色扮演益形重要。本研究以無尾港文教促進會長期於無尾港水鳥保護區與鄰近濕地、農田進行的鳥類調查，作為公民科學的個案，探討其引進 iNaturalist 為數位平台，以充實本身處理與儲存資訊能力的過程與影響。 研究顯示，符合促進會的調查與資料處理需求與志工能力為公民科學計畫選擇使用數位平台的考量因子。數位平台能夠吸引新志工，並維繫舊志工的參與，創造志工間的共同話題與互動機會，增進促進會組織與志工的連結。此外，iNaturalist支援了空間定位、彙整分析及彈性呈現的功能，也能儲存與透明公開相關的資訊，讓促進會能依據組織或志工的需求，自主且即時選擇、製作其欲呈現之鳥類分布地圖，跳脫對學術團隊的倚賴，且增進在保護區經營管理與治理上的話語權。 不過，原先期待的辨識功能，由於需要清晰的影像，結果不如預期。也是由於登錄記錄較現前以紙本地圖目視筆記耗時，尚無法完全取代成為主要的鳥類調查記錄工具。最後，基於本研究個案經驗發現，環境資源治理機關也在公民科學計畫中，與科學家及公眾交互作用，或可將環境資源治理機關加入「公眾參與科學研究 (PPSR) 的設計框架」成為關鍵權益關係人，亦可彈性增加權益關係人的數量，以呈現多元權益關係人與公民科學計畫運作、成果的關聯性。

Digital platforms are useful tools for citizen science projects to manage data, recruit volunteers and facilitate volunteers’ participation. Recently, the vigorous development of 3C products, such as the internet and mobile phones, it plays a more important role in the digital platforms in the citizen science projects. This study adopted the case of the Wu-Wei-harbor culture and education association (WCEA), which has implemented bird surveys in and around the Wu-Wei-Kang wildlife refuge for many years, to explore its considerations and processes, and effects on introducing iNaturalist as a digital platform. The results revealed that WCEA considered mainly its needs and capability of volunteers to choose iNaturalist as the digital platform. iNaturalist helped record location-based information, archive, analyze, and open data, as well as demonstrate outcomes. By iNaturalist, WCEA can make and demonstrate bird distribution by itself according to the requirements of organizations and volunteers, which improved its voices on management and governance of the Wu-Wei-Kang wildlife refuge. In addition, iNaturalist brought new topics and created interactions for volunteers, which made WCEA more attractive to new members, facilitated the participation of senior volunteers, and strengthened the connection between WCEA and its volunteers. However, the function of species identification originally expected didn’t work for unable to take clear photos of birds on mobile phones. Also, it took a longer time to key in data by iNaturalist than map sheets. As a result, WCEA could only use iNaturalist as an auxiliary tool of the map sheets. Further, we found that authorities of natural resources targeted by the citizen science projects interact with scientists and the public in the projects, who might be included in the framework of PPSR. This could increase the applicability of the framework