基於區塊鏈技術之智慧保險合約架構

Abstract

歐美發展較早的保險公司多超過百年歷史，其中尤以人壽保險公司以提供長期的合約服務為經營目標。過去20年間由於經濟的發展及醫療費用支出的增長，人壽保險公司開發出各類型醫療保險商品及投資商品來滿足市場需求，同時間因為金融科技的衝擊，許多保險公司透過核心系統轉換達到數位化轉型及現代化，但是未來的金融環境不可預知，難以確保經過二十年後是否需要另一個現代化專案。 另一方面由於隱私意識抬頭，個人資料保護法規範客戶可以要求保險公司刪除其個人資料，但因為災難復原計畫保險公司需要定期備份資料，一旦契約終止，客戶要求刪除的部分資料已被移至備份資料中，公司需要將備份資料還原後，刪除資料後再備份，這在營運上會增加巨量的作業時間及成本。 鑑於區塊鏈與比特幣技術具有資料幾乎難以竄改，歷史資料可被完整記錄以及個人資料匿名化等特性，而後Ethereum及Hyperledger Fabric等技術發展出區塊鏈智能合約，可以在區塊鏈架構下自動執行合約杜絕人為介入，這些特徵具備被信任的基礎。經參考專業研究機構的報告，保險核心系統未來的主要功能是資料紀錄，這樣的定位與區塊鏈的特點相吻合，因此本論文將探討利用區塊鏈建立新的保險合約模型，並用不同的案例場景演示整體架構的可行性。之後可依照商品性質建立特定的保險區塊鏈，降低核心系統的複雜度，保留保險合約智能化最基本的結構，無論將來金融環境如何變化，合約都能被正確執行。

It has been developed with a long history in most western insurance companies, in which life insurance companies particularly aim at offering long-term contracts. In addition, the surge in economic growth and medical cost has given rise to various health insurance products and investment-linked insurance policies to accommodate market demands in the past decades. Insurance companies have constantly transformed their core systems, facing the impact of the latest financial technology. However, the financial landscape is always unpredictable, and it is uncertain whether another modernization project will be necessary for the coming decades. As privacy awareness rises, Personal Data Protection Act stipulates that insurance companies must delete customer data when requested. On the other hand, the Data Recovery Plan necessitates regular data backup in insurance companies. Once an insurance contract is terminated or a customer requests to delete his data, the insurance company has to recover the backup data, delete the data, and backup again. It is a time-consuming and costly procedure to go through. Blockchain and bitcoin technology is characterized by their immutable data, complete records of transactions, and anonymity. Techniques such as Ethereum and Hyperledger Fabric lead to the creation of smart contracts, which can be self-executed under a blockchain structure without human intervention. Through referring to the reports from Gartner and TCS, which foresee the principal function of core systems will evolve toward data recording integrity in the future, which aligns exactly with the blockchain features. This paper will explore the use of blockchain technology to build a new insurance contract model and demonstrate the architectural feasibility with different scenarios. Finally, a specific insurance blockchain can be established according to the nature of the commodity, reducing the complexity of the core system and retaining the most essential and intelligent structure of the insurance contract. No matter how the economic environment evolves in the future, the contract can be correctly executed.