日本裁判員制度下之重要議題研究—兼論對我國國民法官制度之啟發

Abstract

引入素人國民共同參與，非僅只是審判庭組成員的外在結構改變，更重要的是其所帶來刑事審判制度內在的本質變化，且國民法官法與刑事訴訟法併存，於是在新制度下，仍有刑事訴訟固有基本原則之適用問題，為確保國民得以實質參與，制度設計如何使國民法官身心負荷不至過重，且目視耳聞即知即明，最屬重要，然同時，刑事審判的諸多重要原則與證據調查程序、證據法則等亦不應忽視，更不應被誤解，臺、日就人民參與審判之立法體例相近，實務運用面臨之實際問題也可能極為相同，故日本經驗足堪借鏡。 本論文介紹日本推動裁判員制度之歷史背景，以理解引入人民參與的改革初衷，繼參酌日本實施逾10年之實務經驗中，就已發現的幾個重要議題進行研究，例如：相關證據法則如證據調查之關連性、必要性、及在人民參與審判後關於傳聞法則之詮釋與適用、在判定責任能力時具重要地位的精神鑑定與相關程序規定等，就前開議題在日本實踐情形及可供我國參考之處，詳予耙梳論證。

The participation of the people in criminal trials is not only a change in the structure of the court, but also a fundamental change in the criminal trial system. The Citizen Judges Act coexists with the Criminal Procedure Law, so under the new system, there is still the application of the basic principles inherent in criminal procedure. The most important thing is how to make the lay judge's physical and mental load not too heavy and easy to understand the trial process, at the same time, many important principles of criminal trial should not be ignored or misunderstood. Taiwan and Japan have very similar legislation in this regard and may face the same problems, so Japan's experience is very valuable. This paper first introduces the background of Japan's promotion of the citizen judge system ,and into account Japan's 10 years of practical experience in implementing research on key topics, including: review the principle of the presumption of innocence, the rule of hearsay and psychiatric reports, etc. In addition, Japan's statistics for 10 years are cited to illustrate the significance of the operation of the system.