賈誼思想的基礎與系統——以《新書》為核心

Abstract

《新書》是漢代政治思想初期的重要作品，歷代不乏研究者著述討論。從《新書》中諸多篇章之中，可發現秦朝興亡對其思想所造成的廣泛影響，更有學者認為賈誼吸納了許多法家思想的成分。然而在秦朝滅亡的基本認知下，賈誼是否能坦然吸納法家思想，是值得懷疑的。本文所欲探討的問題，是在賈誼的思路中，秦朝政治是如何被反省的？經其反省，又提出了何種主張，成為其構建政治思想的主幹？在漢初的各個具體的政治議題中，賈誼的主張如何呈現於其所提改革？筆者認為，釐清賈誼如何反省秦朝，以及其反省之結果，當有助於理解賈誼思想之基礎及其系統。

Xin Shu is an important works of the early Han Dynasty (b.c. 202~168). There were many researcher discuss on Xin Shu through the ages. The rise and fall of the Qin Dynasty (b.c. 211-207) makes great influence of on Jia Yi’s thought, and those influences can be found in many chapters of Xin Shu. Also, many researchers consider that Jia Yi had accept many elements of the Fajia. But when it comes to the basic recognition about the falling of Qin Dynasty, if Jia Yi accept Fajia elements without question is open to doubt. The questions we tend to consider is the way of the politics of Qin Dynasty had been reviewed in the thought of Jia Yi, the proposition been offered alone his reviewing, and how those proposition exhibit in the the reform plan of the practical political issues of the early Han Dynasty. In the writer’s opinion, an analysis about Jia Yi’s way of reviewing Qin Dynasty and the outcome of the reviewing would contribute to understand the essentials and the system of the thought of Jia Yi.