我國有機農產品認證驗證制度之再建構

Abstract

在2007年制定的農產品生產及驗證管理法之下，中央主管機關即行政院農業委員會仍是有機農產品之認證機關，並且得依法律之授權將認證任務委託予機關或法人執行，而實務運作上，農委會確實也不親自執行認證任務，而是委託予財團法人全國認證基金會執行。隨著有機農業促進法於2019年5月30日正式施行，中央主管機關甚至不再是認證機關，而是許可私部門經營認證業務，也就是說，現行法已令中央主管機關原則上全面退出認證及驗證任務之執行。 但現行法制將有機農產品認證任務與驗證任務實質民營化，則中央主管機關在現行法制下，是否能有效擔保私部門就有機認證及有機驗證之執行品質，也是本文所擔憂及懷疑的。因此，本文首先將就現行法制下，主管機關、認證機構、驗證機構、農產品經營者之間的法律關係以及其等各自所具備的管制手段深入探討，並順勢指出現行制度之弊端，進而說明再建構制度之必要性。在比較國內外法制後，本文將以德國產品安全檢驗之認證及符合性評鑑制度為借鏡，重新建構我國的有機農產品認證驗證制度，同時也將檢視有機農業促進法相關規定之缺失進而提出建議。希冀能藉此完善有機農產品之認證驗證法制，進而有利於我國有機農業之發展。

Under the Agricultural Production and Certification Act enacted in 2007, the central competent authority, the Council of Agriculture of the Executive Yuan, was still the certification authority for organic agricultural products, and may delegated the certification tasks to agencies or legal persons to perform the certification tasks in accordance with the authorization of the law. In fact, the Council of Agriculture did not perform the certification task in person, but entrusted it to the Taiwan Accreditation Foundation. With the Organic Agriculture Promotion Act coming into force on 30 May 2019, the central competent authority is no longer even the certification authority, but allows the private sector to operate certification business, which means that the existing law has in principle withdrawn the central competent authority from performing accreditation and certification tasks altogether. However, the existing legal system has privatised the task of accreditation and certification of organic agricultural products, so whether the central competent authority can effectively guarantee the quality of implementation of organic accreditation and organic certification by the private sector under the existing legal system is also a concern and doubt in this paper. Therefore, this article will firstly discuss the legal relationship between the competent authority, accreditation body, certification body and operator under the existing legal system, as well as their respective means of control, and will also point out the shortcomings of the current system, and then explain the need to reconstruct the system. After comparing the domestic and international legal systems, this paper will use the German Product Safety Law as a reference to reconstruct Taiwan's organic accreditation and certification system, and will also review the shortcomings of the Organic Agriculture Promotion Act and make recommendations. It is hoped that this will improve Taiwan's organic accreditation and certification system, which will in turn benefit the development of organic agriculture in Taiwan.