都市居民面對氣候變遷之風險感知、環境態度、親環境行為及對集合住宅綠化願付價格之研究

Abstract

氣候變遷的問題已是日益嚴重之議題，因為都市的發展快速，所以導致都市熱島效應之問題。而現今國際上為了緩解都市熱島，多數朝向建築綠化之趨勢發展。而實際之綠化行為，也考量到都市居民對於氣候變遷之風險感知，以及都市居民對於環境的態度，甚至是願意支付多少費用來進行對環境有益之行為。 依循背景，本研究針對氣候變遷這項議題，進行相關之文獻蒐集，探討都市居民此議題，氣候變遷之風險感知、環境態度、親環境行為、綠化願付價格；因此，本研究透過問卷蒐集，滾雪球取樣的方式，蒐集以李克特五點量表填答基本資料、三份量表，以及綠化之偏好與願付價格，有效問卷共1028份。 研究結果顯示，都市居民對於氣候變遷之風險感知會正向影響環境態度；環境態度會正向影響親環境行為；氣候變遷之風險感知會正向影響親環境行為；環境態度會正向影響綠化願付價格；親環境行為會正向影響綠化願付價格；環境態度在氣候變遷之風險感知與親環境行為之間存在中介效果；親環境行為在環境態度與綠化願付價格之間存在中介效果。並且，根據卡方檢定，分析不同人口統計變項與綠化願付價格之結果，僅生理性別與綠化願付價格不具差異性。另外，建築綠化偏好的結果為大部分集合住宅的都市居民較偏好居住房屋建築的屋頂施作庭園型綠化，但是自家陽臺較偏好盆缽型綠化，而對於居住房屋建築的牆面綠化以及陽臺的牆面綠化皆偏好活動式綠牆。 本研究期望未來可以藉由本研究結果，透過政府公權力，制訂有效的綠化政策，提供具吸引力之獎勵措施，緩解都市熱島，改善都市環境。

The problem of climate change has become an increasingly serious issue. Due to the rapid development of cities, it has led to the problem of the urban heat island effect. Nowadays, in order to alleviate the urban heat island, most of the countries are developing towards the trend of building greening. The actual greening behavior also takes into account the risk perception of urban residents towards climate change, as well as the attitude of urban residents towards the environment, and even how much they are willing to pay for behaviors that are beneficial to the environment. According to the background, this study aims to collect relevant literature on the issue of climate change, and explores the issue of urban residents, risk perception of climate change, environmental attitudes, pro-environmental behaviors, and willingness to pay for greening. Snowball sampling was used to collect basic information, three scales, and preference and willingness to pay for greening with a five-point Likert scale. A total of 1028 valid questionnaires were collected. The research results show that urban residents' risk perception of climate change will positively affect environmental attitudes; environmental attitudes will positively affect pro-environmental behaviors; climate change risk perceptions will positively affect pro-environmental behaviors; environmental attitudes will positively affect greening willingness. Pro-environmental behaviors positively affect the willingness to pay for greening; environmental attitudes have a mediating effect between climate change risk perception and pro-environmental behaviors; pro-environmental behaviors have a mediating effect between environmental attitudes and willingness to pay for greening. Moreover, according to the chi-square test, the results of different demographic variables and the willingness to pay for greening were analyzed, and only biological sex and the willingness to pay for greening were not different. In addition, the result of building greening preference is that most urban residents of collective housing prefer the roof of residential buildings to be garden-type greening, but their balconies prefer pot-type greening, while the wall greening and balcony greening of residential buildings are more preferred. Wall greening prefers living green wall. Based on the results of this study, it is expected that the government can formulate effective greening policies in the future, provide attractive incentive measures, alleviate the urban heat island and improve the urban environment.